Exercise 6. Underline the best word or phrase.
Globalization
What exactly is globalization? To some extent / Moreover the term means whatever people want it to mean. In economics, the term usually refers to the way the world has become one market, with free exchange or goods and capital. At least / However, it is also used to describe cross-cultural contacts. Furthermore / As well as being port of the same economic system, countries in different parts of the world share entertainment, food and in some respects / owing to similar attitudes to life. Above all / Thus, globalization often refers to the way TV and the internet have created a unified world in which information can be exchanged very rapidly. In fact, a "global economy" is only possible as a result of / however modern information technology. Despite / Furthermore, politics has also become "globalized", creating on operation between countries. However / Although, there are many critics of globalization who point out that while business has become global, there are still winners and losers: consequently / nevertheless, the richer nations grow richer, and the poorer nations grow poorer.
They also argue that above all / as a result of the global power of large corporations and international financial institutions, many countries no longer control their own economics.
Exercise 7. Choose the best option: a, b, or c for each gap.
The air and change in the 20th century
The car can be seen not as a …1… machine, but as an agent of social change. In the USA …2… during the twentieth century, cars …3… transformed society. First of all more cm's meant more mobility, …4… as roads became better, people could travel further for jobs. Rather than living in the city centre or near factories, people could live in suburbs …5… and drive between home and work, …6… there were new laws obliging new shops and businesses to provide parking spaces, which further encouraged a "car-only" society. The …7… pace of change was staggering: in 20 years, US roads increased in length from around 600.000 km to 1.6 million km. …8… mass production of ears transformed business, making oil and rubber into major industries, increasing demand for steel, and creating new service industries, …9… filling stations, molds and insurance, …10…, the car represented the American ideal of "personal freedom" – before environmental damage and an epidemic of obesity began to force Americans to think again.
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| a) | b) | c) | |
| 1. | utter | sheer | mere |
| 2. | for example | such as | that is |
| 3. | literally | namely | merely |
| 4. | Apart front | And so forth | In other words |
| 5. | in conclusion | instead | alternatively |
| 6. | Simply | Secondly | Literally |
| 7. | sheer | mere | utter |
| 8. | In a way | Thirdly | Instead |
| 9. | examples include | etc | such as |
| 10. | In a way | For example | Except for |
Exercise 8. Complete the paragraph with prepositions from the box. There is one preposition you do not need to use.
| about between in of on with |
Unfortunately, there seems to be a relationship …1… tourism and environmental problems. Despite the fact that the increase …2… the number of people traveling brings economic benefits, there is concern …3… the negative effects that tourism has …4… the environment. The problem …5… luxury hotels is that they put huge pressure on scarce water supplies in dry areas.
Exercise 9. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.
| for in of to from off under by |
1. Many people died … starvation.
2. There are earthquakes in Japan … time … time.
3. Food supplies are dropped … people whose homes are cut … .
4. Rescue teams searched … injured people.
5. There was a drought … ten months … Central Africa.
6. Many people were trapped … the rubble of the building which had collapsed.
7. Medical teams were sent … the government.
Exercise 10. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below.
| elderly medical treatment physically disabled pension schooling mentally handicapped eligible out of work social services benefits social workers welfare state retire subsidized low incomes |
A country which helps its old, sick, disabled and unemployed is called a a)… . b)… people receive a state c)… when they d)… at the age of 60 or 65. People with e)… who cannot afford to buy or rent decent accommodation are given houses or flats with f)… rents, which means that the government or local council supports the rent to keep it low. Sick people get free g)… from their doctor or at the hospital. Mothers of small children get special state financial h)…, and of course older children receive free i)… . j)… people, who cannot move normally, and k)… people, whose minds are not fully developed, also receive special assistance and, if necessary, special equipment to help them live normal lives. People who are l)… are normally m)… to receive unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The n)… (government departments responsible for people's wellbeing) will help people who, financially, physically or psychologically, have difficulty in coping with life and o)… will visit such people in their homes.
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