Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
| a) culture | 1. образ жизни |
| b) concepts | 2.обычаи и привычки |
| c)values | 3. стиль жизни |
| d) customs | 4. отношение к чему-либо |
| e) attitudes | 5. манера проявления чувств |
| f) way of life | 6.ритуалы и обряды |
| g) way of thinking | 7. культура |
| h) way of feeling | 8. концептуальные понятия |
| i) rituals | 9.верования |
| j) beliefs | 10. ценности |
| k) lifestyle | 11.убеждения |
4. Find in the definitions above the English equivalents of the following words : стиль и образ жизни, поведение, привычки, знания, продукт человеческой мысли, ценности, интегрированная система поведения, история человеческого духа, верования, чувства и отношения, материальные и духовные ценности.
Using on-line dictionary find out as many colocations with the word “CULTURE” and “CULTURAL “ as you can. You have 10 minutes.
E.g.:youth culture, subcultural, art culture, physical culture, sport culture, cultural aspects, cross-culture etc.
6. Mark each statement as T(True) or F (or False). If false, make corrections.
| T | F | |
| 1) Culture is the unique and individual programming of the mind. | ||
| 2) Culture is considered to be only products of human thought. | ||
| 3) Culture is an integrated system of teamed behavior patterns. | ||
| 4) There is no author who gave full and correct definition of the world culture. | ||
| 5) Culture is a complex concept. | ||
| 6) No education, no culture. | ||
| 7) Culture is one of the powerful forces that acts on us. |
Discussion
1. Look through the definitions of “CULTURE” again and answer the following questions:
Ø Do all writers interpret “culture” in one and the same way? How do the different interpretations differ?
Ø Is there any person for whom culture is nothing else but art? Music? Literature?
Ø Are there any definitions which are similar or approximately the same?
Ø Some writers think that culture will help us survive in society? Find this definition out. Do you agree? Disagree? Justify your answer.
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Ø In which definition can you find the idea that culture is something that is shared by the members of a particular community?
Ø Are there any writers who believe that culture is what is learnt and taught only in society?
Ø Whose definition of the concept is the most complete, from your point of view? Justify your point.
Team work.
Split into groups. Make up the mental map of the concept culture.
Science and technology CULTURE music
Language Arts
painting
WAY OF LIFE
Ideas
Concepts values communication patterns
Assumptions
Does this mental map reflect the concept culture in Russian?
Answer the following questions:
- What is the definition focused on?
- Do you think that culture is a product of historical development of human society ?
- Is culture a way of life? Is it a manifestation of human spirit?
2. Making predictions. What's the "cultural life" to you? Write down three predictions:
A. General idea ____ ____
B. Images
C. Key words
Some cross-cultural aspects of human life are presented in the left part of the table. Fill in the right part, adding information on the point.
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| Everyday Life | |
| Habitats and Homelands | |
| Links with the Past | |
| States and Systems | |
| Education | |
| Sports and Leisure | |
| The Arts |
Activity
1. Make up written translation of “culture” definition, made up by Marcelle E. DuPraw and Marya Axner.
2. Make up the most complete definition of culture from your point of view and translate it into English. Share with your group mates. Discuss and choose the best one.
Unit 2. Why is Understanding Culture so Important?
Lead-in.
Ø How do you understand the word “international culture”? What does in mean for you?
Ø How does it differ from the expression “national culture”?
Ø What are the examples of your national culture? What do they include?
Ø Try to guess what is “cultural adjustment”
Reading and vocabulary
Read the text and decide why we can distinguish a lot of cultures in the world today, how culture expresses itself. Pay attention to the words in bold.
According to Gary Wederspahn, culture is the shared set of assumptions, values, and beliefs of a group of people by which they organize their common life. In our world we can distinguish lot of cultures because of the number of countries for example, but also we can see some scales in these “country cultures”.
When you travel all over the world, you have to face these different cultures with their own meaning and perception of words or gestures. Understanding culture will help you to be more aware of these differences and so avoid big mistakes in your behavior, what we call “cultural adjustment”.
How does culture “express” itself?
Even if the contrary can be thought, we are not spontaneous in our behavior. Our cultures, our education, and so on, influence us in everyday situations. That is why once you know people’s values and beliefs, you can often expect and predict their behavior. We can say that our behavior is a reflection of our culture.
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Culture is often compared to an iceberg: the visible section of the iceberg is so much shorter than the invisible part under water. Each culture has some aspects which are observable and others that can only be suspected or imagined. Thus, the part of culture which is visible, such as behavior, is only a small part of a bigger picture.
To give you a better idea of culture expression, here are listed some examples of cultural behavior: facial expressions, religious beliefs, religious rituals, importance of time, paintings, values, literature, gestures, holiday customs, nature of friendship, notions of modesty, foods and eating habits, understanding of the natural world, concept of self, work ethic, concept of beauty, music, style of dress…
Where does culture come from?
How do people get their culture? How do they learn all the behaviors that are regarded as right and wrong in their society? This process, also known as cultural conditioning, is present in every culture, but the specific behaviors that people have, the precise content of their conditioning, is different from group to group.
Everyone knows that common culture come mainly from a common history which shapes our mind and so have influence on our behavior or way of thinking.
The most important part of your culture will be acquired during your childhood, but you will acquire new behaviors until the end of your life:
In Childhood: children learn basics activities as eating, walking, talking, dressing, bathing, etc. These basics are the origin of the future children’s behavior.
As Adults: people learn new behavior or new ways to perform thanks to education, travels, etc. Adults learn how to adapt themselves.
How to analyze culture? Or how to have the right behavior? We can find five steps of culture analyzing:
1) Observation/Instruction: you become aware of a particular behavior but have not yet tried to do it yourself.
2) Imitation: now you try to have the same behavior
3) Reinforcement: people help you by correcting you or showing you.
4) Internalization: you know how to behave but you still need practice.
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5) Spontaneous Manifestation: you no more need to pay attention to your behavior, it comes naturally.
Why is understanding culture so important?
When you go into another country than yours, you will be confronted with different behaviors, different foods, and different ways of life. Most of people are amused when they see that. But most of the time they are making fun about, being narrow-minded, forgetting that everybody do not have the same culture.
Understanding culture is important, as it makes you aware and more sensitive to differences, and you could avoid big mistake in your behavior or maybe adjust, but at least to respect the people that belong to other cultures than your own.
Moreover understanding culture does not only exist in the aim of helping poor little students but it is also a real challenge for international businesses. You will not promote a product in the same way in France or in Germany or in Russia.
Understanding culture is the most important thing when dealing and respecting people. It does not mean, you have to go out of your way to mimic a culture that is different than your own, but you should respect the other
culture and treat it a different, not inferior yours!
http://mariaabroad.com/2010/04/what-is-culture/
(Posted on 28. Apr, 2010 by Marie M. in Living Abroad, Study Abroad)
2. Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents .
| 1) shared set of assumptions | a) образец скромности |
| 2) meaning and perception | b) образ мышления |
| 3) cultural adjustment | c) восприятие себя |
| 4) reflection of the culture | d) понятие красоты |
| 5) gestures | e) определённый набор обязательств |
| 6) notion of modesty | f) понимание и восприятие |
| 7) style of dress | g) культурная адаптация, приспособляемость |
| 8) way of thinking. | h) стиль в одежде |
| 9) concept of self | i) жесты |
| 10) concept of beauty | j) отражение культуры |
3. Scan the text . Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words : выражение лица, видимый, воображаемый, ограниченность(с предрассудками), высмеивать, уважительное общение с людьми, влияние поведения, знание, быть восприимчивым к культурным различиям, сталкиваться с, образ мышления, быть ограниченным, религиозные различия, природа дружеских взаимоотношений, жесты, проявления скромности, отражение культуры, культурная ассимиляция, понимание и восприятие.
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