Match the words with their definitions. Use them in the sentences of your own.
| 1) outsourcing | a) unhealthy food which has little vitamins and minerals and contains high level of calories from fat |
| 2) a white collar job | b) something that comes into fashion and becomes trendy very quickly |
| 3) junk food | c) system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work |
| 4) slavery | d) the act of using, or promoting the use of, multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. |
| 5) multiculturalism | e) a position for an educated specialist with a diploma which allows earning high average salaries and not performing manual labour at work |
| 6) multilingualism | f) a contract with another company or person to perform a particular function |
| 7) fad | g) a conception which means that different people have their own cultural beliefs and they happily coexist, respect different values and ethics. |
3. The words given below are the active vocabulary that is necessary to speak about globalization. Study them and make up a chain story with your group mate using these words. For example:
Student A: Communication plays an important role in modern society
Student B: Modern society provides a lot of possibilities for cooperation in educational sphere.
| Communication, society, international tourism, satellites, a broad access to, competition, labour cost, poverty, barriers, benefits. |
4. Scan the text about pros, cons and effects of globalization once again. Say whether you agree with every single point or not. Use the following conversational clichés:
| AGREEMENT | PARTIAL AGREEMENT | DISAGREEMENT |
| I think it’s totally right that … I agree that … Yes, indeed. I think you are entirely right. It appears to me to be true. That's just what I think. Exactly. I share the opinion that … | I agree with that up to a point, but… That's quite true, but… That makes sense; however… It's a good idea to think that …, but… | I disagree because… I am afraid I can’t agree with you. The problem with that is… The way I see it… I'm against it because… Instead, I think that… I object to … I'm afraid, I don't share the opinion that … |
Practice
Answer the questions. Use the ideas from the previous text.
1) Has globalization affected
- your country;
- your city;
- your college life;
- your family life;
- you personally? How then?
2) Think about changes in recent years in
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· education;
· job opportunities;
· culture;
· fashion;
· ideas.
3) Do you think your country needs to be protected from the effects of globalization?
4) Would you support globalists or anti-globalists? Give your reason.
Writing strategies
1. Study the information below.
As we live in an information society people tend to spend a lot of time on virtual communication where they express their views, opinions, and attitudes by posting them in their blogs.
A blog (also called a weblog) is a website consisting of entries (also called posts) appearing in reverse chronological order with the most recent entry appearing first (similar in format to a daily journal). Blogs typically include features such as comments and links to increase user interactivity.
As the Internet has become more social, blogs have gained in popularity. Today, there are over 100 million blogs with more entering the blogosphere everyday. Blogs have become more than online diaries. In fact, blogging has become an important part of the online and offline worlds with popular bloggers impacting the worlds of politics, business and society with their words.
The best way to post involves breaking out the main points of your message and creating a list of everything you want to include, in the order you will address it. By creating a traditional outline, it helps you work out the flow of your post and organizes thoughts in a logical manner.
Write a post in your blog where you reveal the necessity of international communication and argue with an anonymous anti-globalist who has made an aggressive comment about your resent message.
Project work
Make up a PowerPoint presentation about globalization in modern world. Dwell upon the following ideas:
- history
- conception
- advantages and disadvantages
· opportunities and threats.
Module 4. Life and culture
Unit 1. Defining Culture
Lead-in.
Ø What do you think about the importance of learning about other cultures in today’s multicultural Global Village?
Ø What do you think Global Village is ?
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Ø What is culture? Can you give any definitions on the spot?
Ø What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “CULTURE”? Music? Art? Literature? Cultural patterns of behavior?
Ø Are beliefs and values shared by people belonging to one and the same cultural community? Anything else?
Ø What does this word mean personally to you?
Reading and vocabulary
WHAT CULTURE IS
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The quotations reflecting different points of view on what culture is are presented in this part. While reading try to identify the key words, related to the concept “culture”, paying attention to the word combinations in bold. Compare your list with your partners’ lists and decide what should be included into this list by all means. Ground your decision.
“What is culture? I believe, it is the way of life of a particular society or group of people, including patterns of thought, beliefs, behavior, customs, traditions, rituals, dress, language, as well as art, music and literature”. (Elizabeth Primrose)
“Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another”. (Geert Hofstede)
“Very often when we use the word "culture", we mean the customs, beliefs, art, music and add the other products of human thought which were made by a particular group of people at a particular time”. (Adam Cotte)r
“Culture, the acquainting ourselves with the best that has been known and said in the world, and thus the history of the human spirit”. (Matthew Arnold
“Culture is the shared set of assumptions, values, and beliefs of a group of people by which they organize their common life”. (Gary Wederspahn)
“Culture is the system of information that codes the manner in which the people in an organized group, society or nation interact with their social and physical environment”. (Psychology textbook)
“Culture consists in patterned ways of thinking, freezing and reacting. The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”. (Clyde Kluckhohn
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“Culture consists of concepts, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are widely shared by people”. (Richard Brislin)
“Culture is an integrated system of teamed behavior patterns that are characteristic of the members of any given society. Culture refers to the total, way of life for a particular group of people. It includes what a group of people thinks, says, does and makes — its customs, language, material artifacts and shared systems of attitudes and feelings”. (Robert Kohls)
“Culture refers to the experience, knowledge, values, and behaviors of any one group of people”. (Carol Archer)
“Culture is a complex concept, with many different definitions, But, simply put, "culture refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. It includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or national origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of. Jot example, we can acquire a new culture by moving to a new region, by a change in our economic status, or by becoming disabled. When we think of culture this broadly, we realize we all belong to many cultures at once. In a world as complex as ours, each of us is shaped by many factors, and culture is one of the powerful forces that acts on us. In other words, culture is central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express ourselves”. (Marcelle E. DuPraw and Marya Axner)
“Culture is but the fine flowering of real education, and it is the training of the freezing, the tastes and the manners that makes it so”. (Minnie Kellogg)
“Culture is everything. Culture is the way we dress, the way we carry our heads, the way we walk, the way we tie our ties — it is not only the fact of writing books or building houses”. (Aime Cesair)
“Culture is to ''know the best that has been said and thought in the world."(Matthew Arnold)
Read the following interpretation of the concept “culture”. It is given in one of the Russian reference books. Compare with the definitions above. Point out differences and similarities.
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Культура (от латинского слова «CULTURE» -возделывание, почитание, воспитание, образование, развитие) – исторически определённый уровень развития общества, творческих сил и способностей человека, выраженный в типах и формах организации жизни и деятельности людей, в их взаимоотношениях, а также в создаваемых ими материальных и духовных ценностях.
(Популярный энциклопедический словарь.- М.:Научн, изд-во: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1999)
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