In the text there are some sentences where Present Perfect is used. Find them and try to reproduce.
2. Use the Present Perfect Tense (both in passive or active) to emphasizethe impact of some actions or events on the present moment.
1. i-Phones (to change) radically … our lives. To date, more than 217 million iPhones (to sell) …, and they're being used by construction workers to read blueprints, doctors to diagnose patients, governments to improve services and parents to quiet their kids in restaurants.
2. There is no question that internationalization, and particularly international student mobility, (to transform) … the higher education landscape in the last decade.
3. Credit cards (to simplify) dramatically … the process of making in-person and online purchases.
4. In an era of globalization, AIESEC’s programs (to help) … thousands of young people around the world to develop a broader understanding of cultural, socio-economic and business issues.
5. Grants (to enable) … many students to realize their dream of a higher education and being independent.
Practice
1. Summarize what changes happen to the following things from the list given below. You may develop the list. Your own ideas are welcome!
- trade restrictions and limitations;
- innovations;
- domestic markets;
- telecommunications (as well as other means of communication);
- money in the form of investment and transactions;
- usual people;
- businesses and businessmen;
- horizons (opportunities and prospects).
- Define the word “globalization”. Refer to your own experience. Exchange opinions.
Reading and Vocabulary
Globalization is a very controversial issue today. Opinions vary considerably over its pros and cons. You can find some of them below. Read the text in detail.
PROs
- Goods and people are transported with ease and speed;
- the possibility of war between developed countries decreases;
- free trade between countries is stimulated;
- competition rises thus reducing prices and improving the quality of production;
- global mass media connects all people all over the world;
- as the cultural barriers reduce, the global village dream becomes more realistic;
- there is a spread of democratic ideals;
- growth of interdependence of the nation-states;
- developed countries can invest in developing ones;
- flexibility of corporations to operate across borders rises;
- the communication between individuals and corporations in the world increases;
- environmental protection in developed countries grows.
CONs
- Outsourcing of manufacturing and white-collar jobs to the Third-World with a low labour cost;
- increase in activities such as child labour and slavery;
- growth of terrorism and criminality;
- ecological problems, especially in developing countries – these areas turn into garbage-dumps where all industrial waste is accumulated and pollution levels are sky-high;
- spread of consumption junk food as fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC are expanding fast all over the world;
- poverty in developing countries rises;
- spread of deadly viruses and diseases like AIDS on a global scale;
- environmental degradation and devastation of natural reserves of the planet Earth.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
|
|
|
- Improvement in the information flow between geographically remote locations
- the global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital
- there is a broad access to a range of goods for consumers and companies
- worldwide production markets appear
- free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits
- global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by international discussions
- more trans-border data flow using communication satellites, the Internet, wireless telephones, etc.
- international criminal courts and international justice movements are launched
- the standards applied globally like diplomas, patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements increase, so documents, authorized by one country are quite often recognized in another
- international travel and tourism increases
- multiculturalism, a concept that emerged from globalization, maintains different cultures and promotes their social linking
- multilingualism develops, as every society has its own cultural identity. People learn foreign languages and lifestyle of other cultures
- worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup are held
- enhancement in worldwide fads and pop culture
- local consumer products are exported to other countries
- immigration between countries increases
- cross-cultural contacts grow and cultural diffusion takes place
- there is an increase in the desire to use foreign ideas and products, adopt new practices and technologies and be a part of world culture
- free trade zones are formed having less or no tariffs
- capital control is reduced
Match the words from different columns to make collocations. Reproduce the information from the text where these word combinations are used. Make your own sentences with these collocations.
|
|
|
Дата добавления: 2019-09-13; просмотров: 204; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!