Postmodernism in American Literature. K.Vonnegut, J.Heller, G.Vidal.
The Nonfiction Novel. The creation of "ruptures, gaps, and ironies that continually remind the reader that an author is present" and which demonstrate "how individuals use fictional соnstructions to make order of real-life events”
Continued the fundamental philosophical assumptions of modernism
Continued its tendency toward historical discontinuity
Continued its preoccupation with alienation
Continued to focus on asocial individualism
Postmodernism’s tendency to use solipsism, a philosophical perspective that holds that one саn only truly know oneself and that all other experiences are potentially false since they are filtered through the senses
The tendency of the modernists
- to construct intricate forms
- to interweave symbols elaborately
- to create works of art that, although opposed to some established present order, create within themselves an ordered universe
Philosophy of Postmodernism
Denial of order
Presentation of highly fragmented universes in the created world of art
Presentation of critical theories that are а form of phenomenology
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Joseph Неllеr Norman Mailer. Influenced by Joyce and Faulkner
23. Afro-American literature. F.Douglasm R.Wright. Toni Morrison. + 25. Multiculturalism in US literature.
In the United States, Ishmael Reed, Leslie Marmon Silko, Ralph Ellison, N. Scott Momaday, Toni Morrison, Rudolfo Anaya, Sandra Cisneros, Maxine Hong Kingston, and Jessica Hagedorn are among the notable writers of color who have emerged since World War II. Although definitely individual and widely diverse, they are all-American in their collective mixture of African American, Native American, Asian American, and Hispanic strains. The work of each, although distinct, has not remained in cultural isolation but has enriched the inclusive literary treasury of the United States.
Born Chloe Anthony Wofford, in 1931 in Lorain (Ohio), the second of four children in a black working-class family. Displayed an early interest in literature. Studied humanities at Howard and Cornell Universities, followed by an academic career at Texas Southern University, Howard University, Yale, and since 1989, a chair at Princeton University. She has also worked as an editor for Random House, a critic, and given numerous public lectures, specializing in African-American literature. She made her debut as a novelist in 1970, soon gaining the attention of both critics and a wider audience for her epic power, unerring ear for dialogue, and her poetically-charged and richly-expressive depictions of Black America. A member since 1981 of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, she has been awarded a number of literary distinctions, among them the Pulitzer Prize in 1988.
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Postmodernism in British and American Literature. Its basic features. J.Fowles,S.Rushdie; K.Vonnegut, J.Heller, V.Nabokov, Th.Pynchon.
The USA: The Nonfiction Novel. The creation of "ruptures, gaps, and ironies that continually remind the reader that an author is present" and which demonstrate "how individuals use fictional соnstructions to make order of real-life events”
Continued the fundamental philosophical assumptions of modernism
Continued its tendency toward historical discontinuity
Continued its preoccupation with alienation
Continued to focus on asocial individualism
Postmodernism’s tendency to use solipsism, a philosophical perspective that holds that one саn only truly know oneself and that all other experiences are potentially false since they are filtered through the senses
The tendency of the modernists
- to construct intricate forms
- to interweave symbols elaborately
- to create works of art that, although opposed to some established present order, create within themselves an ordered universe
Philosophy of Postmodernism
Denial of order
Presentation of highly fragmented universes in the created world of art
Presentation of critical theories that are а form of phenomenology
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Joseph Неllеr Norman Mailer. Influenced by Joyce and Faulkner
Britain: John Fowles, "The French Lieutenant's Woman" - the novel has elements of different genres: historical novel, psychological novel, detective elements, adventure elements, philosophical novel. Postmodernist literature combines fiction and non-fiction (documentary prose, statistical facts, quotations from different documents, etc.). So, postmodernist literature combines different forms of literature.
2) In postmodernist works history goes side by side with the present and the future. So we may
speak about overlapping of time levels in these works.
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3) In postmodernist works it is common to mix high culture and mass culture (or "kitsch"
[kitS] - pulp culture, which is the culture of very low intellectuals).
4) Combination of different moods: comic, tragic, humorous, etc. There is usually no general tone in
the books.
5) M a g i с realism is another feature of postmodernist literature, though the very name of this feature is very contradictory in itself. The Latin-American writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez invented it (например, его роман «Сто лет одиночества» и другие).
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