Naturalism in American lit-re
The concept of Natur-m-human life is very much alike animal life,he survives who is the fittest.Describes a type of lit-re that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings.Unlike realism,which focuses on literary technique,natur-m implies a philosophical position:for natur-c writers,since human beings are “human beasts”,char-s can be studied through their relat-s to their surround-s.Natur-c writers used a version of the scient method to write their novels. Theodore Driser, Jack London. J.London was born in California.He was involved to the Gold Rush which brought him to Alaska.He was greatly influenced by the socialist ideas. The real fame came when he published his coll-n of stories “The son of the wolf”.Among his best and most famous novels and long short stories are “A daughter of the snows”, “The call of the wild”. His 1st works were all based on his dram experience of the life in the north.His social works are also important.”The People of the Abys”,”Martin Eden”-an autobiographical novel.London’s psychological crisis. Theodore Dreiser was born in the state of Indiana.Being a natur-t he avoided passing a moral judjment on his protagonists.His masterpiece is the novel “An American Tragedy”
Americ novel of the 1930
30s-the Great Depression.The living standards dropped very low.There was a rise of prolet-t movement in America.The 30s are sometimes called-the red 30s,as society was oriented on socialist ideas.One of the best books on the 30s was John Steinbeck’s novel “The Grapes of wrath”,a story of family in Olachoma,which is a victim of the natur disasters and the economic crisis.The have to move to California-a sort of “promised land”.And the author depicts their sufferings very well.The writers of that day tried to reflect the everyday life of common people,they showed people’s search for promised land and showed that there was no such land. Theodore Dreiser was born in the state of Indiana. Being a natur-t he avoided passing a moral judjment on his protagonists.His masterpiece is the novel “An American Tragedy”.It can be called a psychological novel.Dreiser was greatly influenced by Spencer’s ideas about social Darwinism.On this basis he tried to develop his own theory of individual and social determinism.
20. Modernism in Amer. lit-re .
The period between the 2 World Wars saw the emergence of modernism,the trend which broke up with the tradit realistic manner of writing and which ignored the social aspect of lit-re and concentrated on the inner world of a man.The vision and viewpoint became an essential aspect of the modernist novel. Novelists gave up a writing a straightforward narration and began to experiment with fictional points of view,that is representing the world as if seen from the inside of the char-s.The most prominent prosaic writers:William Foulkner,Thomas Elliot.Foulkner had in his works both the traces of the “lost gener-n” and modernism.He toof part in World War I.Represented the Southern School of the Writers.They dealt with the Southern Myth-the idealization of the pre-war past,the superiority of the South over the commercial North.”Sartoris” was Faulkner’s 1st novel,which brought him fame.”Light in August”,”As I Lie dying”. All this novels are maked with a very deep insight into human psychology.He also introduces the device of multiple narration. His “black novels”:”Sound and the fury”.He was awarded a Noble Prize.
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Amer.Drama O.Neil’s,Williams
The greatest Amer.playwrights of the 20th cent are Eugene O’Neils, Tennesse Williams.Amer. Drama of the 19th cent was aimed at enter-taining-vaudevills and musicals were very popular.Everything was done for entertaining and melo-drama.But at the begin-g of the 20th cent plays should be just well-made.The really great dram geni-ous came from Norway-Henric Ibsen.He delved deep into domes-tic and social problems of his age “A Doll’s House”.George Bernard Show stated that the drama should not be afraid to shock,it should concentrate on ideas.”Widower’s Houses”.August Srindberg introdu-ced elements of expressionism into European Drama.Drama in America focused on the evils of Amer. society,it’s econ condit-s and impos-ty to achieve the Amer.Dream.Small theatr companies began to appear in the USA.One of the most influential was province town players.They all wanted to introduce new Amer. Drama.O.Neil found Broadway plays absolutely stupid.His parents were actors.His play”Long Days journey into Night is autobiogr. He touches upon the problem of dram-m of our human existence.
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