Passive Voice (Present and Past Tenses)
| Present Simple |
| Aктив: show(s)/clean(s) и т.д. | Somebody shows us new films every day. |
| Пассив: am/is/are shown/cleaned и т.д. | We are shown new films every day. Houses are built very quickly in this country. I’m invited to the concert. How is this word translated? |
| Past Simple | |
| Aктив: showed/cleaned и т.д. | Somebody showed us new film yesterday. |
| Пассив: was/were shown/cleaned и т.д. | We were shown new film yesterday. The car was given to her sister. When were these books published? |
| Present Continuous | |
| Aктив: am/is/are showing/cleaning | Somebody is showing us a new film at the moment. |
| Пассив: am/is/are being shown/cleaned и т.д. | We are being shown a new film at the moment. The carpet is being cleaned now. Excuse the mess: the house is being repaired. |
| Past Continuous | |
| Aктив: was/were showing/cleaning | Somebody was showing us a new film when he entered. |
| Пассив: was/were being shown/cleaned и т.д. | We were being shown a new film when he entered. I felt as if we were being followed. |
| Present Perfect | |
| Aктив: have/has shown/cleaned | Somebody has just shown us a new film. |
| Пассив: have/has been shown/cleaned и т.д. | We have just been shown a new film. Have you been told the news? I have never been bitten by a dog. |
| Past Perfect |
| Aктив: had shown/cleaned и т.д. | Somebody had shown us a new film before he came. |
| Пассив: had been shown/cleaned и т.д. | We had been shown a new film before he came. Jim didn't know why he had been closen. |
| Время | Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect continuous |
| Present | Am Is built Are строят (вообще) | Am Is being built Are строят (сейчас) | Have been built Has (уже) построили |
Вместо отсутствующих форм Perfect Continuous употребляются формы Perfect |
| Past | Was built Were построили (вчера, когда-то) | Was being bult Were строили (в тот момент) | Had been built построили (к тому моменту, уже) | |
| Future | Will be built построят (в будущем) | Вместо отсутствующей формы Future Continuous употребляется форма Future Simple | Will have been built построят (к тому моменту в будущем) |
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Ex. 1. Present Simple
Example: The chef makes butter from flour, eggs and milk.
Butter is made from flour, eggs and milk.
1. We make French dressing from oil and vinegar.
2. The restaurant serves lunch from 12 to 3.
3. The barman makes dry martinis from gin and vermouth.
4. The wine waiter opens the wine at the table.
5. The chef makes sauce from flour, milk, butter and cheese.
6. The waiters bring the dishes from the kitchen on trays.
7. Arabic (to write) from right to left.
8. Those programmes (to watch) by millions of people every week.
9. Stamps (to sell) in most newsagents in Britain.
10. The police say that nothing (to know) about the child's family.
11. In English, “ought” (to pronounce) in a lot of different ways.
Ex. 2. Make Present Simple negatives and questions
► Jaguar cars are not made in America (not make).
Where are they made? - In the UK.
1. My name (not spell) with a Y.
How it (to write)? - L, E, S, L, I, E.
2. That kind of bird (not usually see) around here.
Where (to see). - In warmer countries.
3. “Where” (not pronounce) like “were”.
How it (to write)? - Like “wear”.
4. Diamonds (not find) in Scotland.
Where they (to find). - In South Africa, for example.
Ex. 3. Present Simple or Past Simple
1. They (to arrive) at the hotel yesterday.
2. She (to book) the table by phone.
3. The chef (to cook) a wonderful meal.
4. The butter (to melt) in the hot pan.
5. We (to finish) our first course ten minutes ago.
6. He (to thank) us for a nice evening.
7. It (to rain) hard last night.
8. They (to open) the restaurant two weeks ago.
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Ex. 4. Past Simple
1. Our passports (to take) by a tall woman in a uniform.
2. These books (to leave) in the classroom yesterday.
3. I don't think this room (to clean) yesterday.
4. We (to meet) at the airport by a driver from the university.
5. Nobody (to tell) what was happening.
Ex. 5. Make Past Simple negatives and questions
► We weren’t paid when we finished the work (not pay).
When were you paid? - Two months later.
1. My father (not educate) in England.
Where he (to educate). - In Germany.
2. The letters (not post) on Tuesday.
When they (to post). - On Thursday.
3. This (to cook) in butter.
How this (to cook). - In margarine.
4. My suit (to make) in England.
Where it (to make)? - In Hong Kong.
5. The restaurant bill (not pay) in cash.
How it (to pay)? - With a credit card.
Irregular verbs
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Past Perfect | Translation |
| be | was/ were | been | быть |
| become | became | become | становиться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать |
| bet | bet | bet | держать пари |
| bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| build | built | built | строить |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| do | did | done | делать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| drive | drove | driven | ехать |
| eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| find | found | found | находить |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| get | got | got | получать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти, уходить |
| hang | hung | hung | висеть, вешать |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | причинять вред, боль |
| keep | kept | kept | хранить |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| lay | laid | laid | класть |
| leave | left | left | оставлять |
| let | let | let | позволять |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать |
| mean | meant | meant | значить, подразумевать |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| put | put | put | класть, ставить |
| read | read | read | читать |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| run | ran | run | бегать |
| say | said | said | сказать |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
| show | showed | shown | показывать |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| steal | stole | stolen | красть |
| swim | swam | swum | плавать |
| take | took | taken | брать |
| teach | taught | taught | учить |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| wake | woke | woken | просыпаться, будить |
| wear | wore | worn | носить (об одежде) |
| win | won | won | выигрывать |
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| write | wrote | written | писать |
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Word order (Порядок слов в предложении)
Простое повествовательное предложение
подлежащее сказуемое определение дополнение обстоятельство
My friend studies interesting subjects at the institute
The students study the language at the institute
1 Обстоятельство образа действия – manner
2 Обстоятельство места – place
3 Обстоятельство времени – time
I met him by chance at the theatre yesterday
Did you see your friends yesterday?
Ann often plays tennis.
Tom walks to work every morning.
She has been in Canada since April.
I am going to Paris on Monday.
It is often possible to put time at the beginning of the sentence.
On Monday I am going to Paris.
Every morning Tom walks to work.
Вопросительные предложения
The Interrogative Sentences
THEY LIKE TO PLAY GAMES
HE IS A STUDENT
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