Work with Lexical and Stylistic Exercises
Almost every communicative block can be expressed with the help of definite lexical units – words and word combinations, which indicate the particular parts of specification.
Part 1. Using Appendix B, make the following exercises.
Exercise 1. Find the words with the meaning of "description" in the Patent Specifications.
Description, specification, teaching, picture, discussion, subject, disclosure, advantage.
Exercise 2. Choose the words which don't concern to the Patent Specifications.
а) claim, device, concept, application, copybook, invention, copyright;
б) concept, object, principle, aim, ambit, motive, purpose, subject;
в) spirit, intendment, character, scope, gist, tend, nature, genus;
г) ramification, change, adaptation, alternation, construction, development, sphere;
д) default, nuisance, detriment, fault, weakness, defect, drawback, disclosure.
Exercise 3. Find the verbs which are used in the Patent Specifications with the meaning "disadvantage".
Fault, drawback, loss, deficiency, trouble, luck, defect, nuisance, weakness, ignorance, mishap, failure, disadvantage, default, detriment.
Exercise 4. Divide the words into two groups according to their meanings.
To turn out, to alleviate, to overcome, to remedy, to lessen, to mitigate, to take advance, to reduce, to solve, to meet, to obviate, to improve, to cure, to mitigate, to set, to surmount, to get rid of, to relieve, to remove, to do away, to understand, to deal with, to aid, to teach.
Exercise 5. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words.
Scope, essence, spirit, extent, ambit, nature, realm, limits, substance, tend, precepts, intendment, sphere, range, gist, character, contemplation, breadth to, genus, preview.
Exercise 6. Choose the words with the same meaning as an underlined word.
Aim: embodiment, concept, motive, weakness, fault, need, subject, concern, principle
Purpose: obtain, essence, objective, progress, character, tend realm, adaptation, change
Object: range, mode, node, principle, trust, need, objective, subject, aim, variant, spirit.
Exercise 7. Translate the word combinations.
To meet a requirement, to meet a disadvantage, to meet a problem, to meet an object, to meet a standard, to meet a condition.
Exercise 8. What are the meanings of all these words in the Patent Specifications?
Change, modification, adaptation, equivalent, alteration, revision, substitution, variation, construction, embodiment, form, ramification, development.
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Exercise 9. Choose the right translation of the words used in the Patent Specifications.
Adaptation (приспособление, переделка, вариант), to alleviate (облегчать, смягчать, частично устранять), alteration (перестройка, изменение, вариант), advantageously (в одном варианте, преимущественно), ambit (пределы, объём, диапазон), application (просьба, обращение, заявка), aspect (вид, особенность, выражение), attribute (свойство, символ, особенность), breadth (объём, ширина, полотнище), character (черта, сущность, характер), change (вариант, перемена, изменение), class (вид, класс, область), concept (концепция, изобретение), concern (цель, отношение, тревога), to contemplate (намереваться, предполагать, иметь целью), contemplation (предположение, сущность, размышление), to correct (корректировать, устранять затруднение), to cure (излечить, устранить), default (неплатёж, халатность, недостаток), description (описание, вид, дескрипция), development (развитие, вариант), to disclose (открывать, находить, описывать), to discuss (дискутировать, описывать), discussion (описание, обсуждение, дискуссия), embodiment (интеграция, воплощение, вариант), to embrace (охватывать, иметь целью), equivalent (эквивалент, вариант), extent (протяжение, степень, объём), failure (провал, дефект, недостаток), fault (ошибка, вина, недостаток), feature (черта, особенность), genus (сущность, вид), heart (ядро, сущность, центральная часть), intendment (правильная трактовка, сущность), to meet (идти на компромисс, решать проблему), meaning (сущность, значение), modification (вариант, модификация, видоизменение), motive (мотив, цель, намерение), need (необходимость, цель), nuisance (помеха, нарушение общественного порядка, недостаток), to overcome (преодолевать, устранять), purview (объём, сфера, границы), ramification (последствие, результат, вариант), range (уровень, объём, ранг), realm (объём, область, сфера), the invention resides in a method (изобретение вытекает из метода, изобретение основано на методе, предлагаемый способ), result (результат, особенность, объём), specific embodiment (специальное вложение, конкретный вариант, сфера применения), specification (описание, спецификация, перечень), to specify (точно определять, специфицировать, описывать), sphere (сфера, объём, область), spirit (сущность, объём, характер), in a suitable embodiment (в одном варианте, в подходящей позиции), to surmount (преодолевать, устранять), to teach (обучать, изобретать), tenor (сущность, тенор, объём), terms (объём, сроки, условия), version (версия, вариант).
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Exercise 10. Find the attributes in part B suit the nouns in part A.
– aspect, application, attribute, claim, concept, description, feature, object, embodiment, specification;
– kindred, novel, disadvantageous, specific, concurrent, essential, detailed, inventive, complete, patent.
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Exercise 11. How many synonyms to the word "specialist" do you know?
Exercise 12. Put the words into some groups according to their meanings.
Character, ambit, adaptation, an engineer, a reader, spirit, change, form, embodiment, one skilled in the art, genus, gist, tend, modification, extend, limits, construction, one conversant with the art, a skilled person, a worker in this field, ramification, nature, realm, scope, precepts.
Exercise 13. Look through the parts of the Patent Specification and fine cliché and archaisms.
The flow diagrams depicted herein are just exemplary. There may be many variations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention.
Although preferred embodiments have been depicted and described in detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various modifications, additions, substitutions and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are therefore considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Part 2.
Exercise 1. Translate the following expressions.
– What is claimed as new is as follows…
– More particularly, the invention is directed to…
– My invention provides novel means for…
– It has previously been proposed…
– According to the present invention the apparatus for… is characterized in that…
– The present invention contemplates means…
– The exact nature of the invention as well other objects and advantages thereof will be readily apparent from consideration of the following specification relating to the annexed drawing in which…
– In prior arrangement according to the prior patent referred to above…
– The invention may be carried out in other ways…
– It is therefore particularly pointed out distinctly claimed as the invention…
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– Having thus described my invention, I claim…
– Still another object is the provision of…
– Still further objects and features of the invention reside in the provision of…
– These objects are accomplished by…
– These and other objects are attained in a device…
– It has also been discovered that…
– To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then consists in…
– The construction (the method) in hand…
Exercise 2. Define the type of the broaden parts.
а) The above-mentioned objects and other objects and advantages of the present invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
б) According to the present invention there is provided a flash evaporator comprising a first and second flash stages connected in series and disposed in spaced relationship to provide a space there between…
в) While the invention has been described herein in terms of the preferred embodiments, numerous variations may be made in the apparatus illustrated in the drawings and herein described without departing from the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
г) It is also to be understood that the word “ceramic” is used here in a broad sense and intended to several kinds of sintered material containing ceramics, for instance the so called “cermets” made a mixture of ceramic and metal powder.
д) The steam boiler 10 shown in Figures 3 and 4 is very similar to the boiler 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 except that the bed 52 is defined by a circular wall 54 and the evaporating tubes 55 and superheating tubes 56 are both helically coiled.
е) A boiler as claimed in Claim 3 in which a desuperheater is provided between the primary and secondary parts of the superheating section.
Exercise 3. What is the main idea of the following paragraphs?
а) A pre-cooler or intermediate cooler substantially as herein before described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
б) Apparatus for the Degasification of drilling Muds substantially as herein before described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
в) A flash evaporator substantially as herein before described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Exercise 4. Change the official style of the paragraphs into a spoken style.
а) Now the object therefore of the present invention is to provide a novel wire cutting tool more particularly for cutting wire at a remote point or in an inaccessible position.
б) It will readily be appreciated by those skilled in the art that degassing system of the invention is of an uncomplicated and inexpensive construction.
в) In order to understand the present invention more fully, reference is made to the following description which is to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Exercise 5. Translate the given parts of the Patent Specification and indicate their main ideas.
а) This application contains subject matter which is related to the subject matter of the following applications, each of which is assigned to the same assignee as this application and filed on the same day as this application. Each of the below listed applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
б) The configuration of the logical processors of a logical partition is managed dynamically. A logical partition is initially configured with one or more logical processors. Thereafter, the configuration can be dynamically adjusted. This dynamic adjustment may be in response to workload of the logical partition.
в) This invention relates, in general, to managing workload within a computing system, and, in particular, to managing workload in a partitioned system, such as a logically partitioned system.
г) The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the provision of a method of managing logical processors of a computing environment. The method includes, for instance, configuring a logical partition of the computing environment with one or more logical processors; and dynamically adjusting the configuration.
д) The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Exercise 6. Give the Russian variant of the sentences and say what communicative clocks of the Patent Specifications are they taken from?
а) A novel soybean cultivar, designated 90362421, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 90362421, to the plants of soybean 90362421 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 90362421 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 90362421 with another soybean cultivar.
б) In addition, it should be understood that the figures, which highlight the functionality of the present invention, are presented for example purposes only. The architecture of the present invention is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown in the accompanying figures.
в) Disclosed is a system for detecting an acute myocardial infarction (i.e., a heart attack) at the earliest possible time and promptly warning the patient that he should immediately seek medical care. The present invention includes an implantable electronic system that can sense a change in the patient's electro gram that is indicative of a heart attack. If a heart attack is sensed, the device would then cause an implantable and/or externally located alarm to be actuated to warn the patient of his condition and a medical practitioner at a remote diagnostic center would receive the patient's electro gram for analysis.
Exercise 7. Read the text of the Patent Specification and answer the questions:
1) What is the title of the invention?
2) What field of art does the invention relate to?
3) What is the objective of the invention?
4) What are the disadvantages of the prior art?
5) Define the key words of these specifications.
Exercise 8. Read the Patent Specifications, paying attention to the text structure. Discover the information of the inventor and the invention's assignee.
UNITED STATES PATENT [19] [11] Patent No.: US 5,584,404 A
Tsai [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 17, 1996
[54] ADJUSTABLE DOUBLE-DECKER RACK
[76] Inventor: Hank Tsai, P.O. Box 82-144, Taipei (TW)
[21] Appl. No.: 12/717,945
[22] Filed: March 20 , 1995
[51] Int.Cl………………………………………..A47F 5/08
[52] U.S. Cl. ……………………………………..211/94; 211/87; 211/90; 108/29
[58] Field of Search ……………………………..211/87, 90, 94, 211/94.5, 105.1; 108/29
[56] References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
665, 877 1/1901 Clarke ………………………………………. 211/87
911,651 2/1909 Erickson …………………………………….. 211/94
1,654,341 12/1927 Mendiolagoitia …………………………… 211/90 X
1,836,008 12/1931 Anzalone …………………………………. 211/94
2,024,892 12/1935 Soper ……………………………………... 211/87 X
2,568,598 9/1951 Traverso ……………………………………. 211/87 X
2,633,998 4/1953 Derman …………………………………….. 211/90 X
2,946,458 7/1960 Boff et al. ...................................................... 211/94.5 X
4,907,706 3/1990 Henderson ...................................................... 211/94 X
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
2669353 5/1992 France .............................................................. 211/87
645542 9/1962 Italy ................................................................... 211/94.5
Primary Examiner – Leslie A. Braun
Assistant Examiner – Richard M. Smith
Attorney, Agent, or Firm – Alfred Lei
[57] ABSTRACT
An adjustable double-decker rack including an upper shelf having a pair of fixing members, a pair of brackets each having a body portion engageable with the fixing members, a plurality of plugs each having a conical portion at one end and a collet portion at another end, a plurality of tubular members each connected at both ends with the conical portion of one of the plugs, and a tray adapted to dispose on the tubular members, and a lower shelf having a pair of movable frames each engaged with a lower portion of a corresponding one of the brackets and having a plurality of holes, a pair of main supporting rods each having an end engaged with the female connector of each of the movable frames, a plurality of plugs each having a conical portion at one end and a collet portion at another end, and a plurality of tubular members each connected at both ends with the conical portion of one of the plugs, whereby the lower shelf can be pulled out of the upper shelf in order to increase the capacity of the rack as required.
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FIGURES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a rack which is adjustable and possessed of two shelves.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It has been found that the conventional rack is simply composed of two brackets and a board mounted on the two brackets. However, once a towel is hanged on the rack, it will be almost impossible to put any other things thereon. Besides, such a rack is easily disengaged from the wall thereby causing much trouble. In addition, when the rack is to be fixed on a wall of tiles, the tile(s) will be damaged if the length of the rack is not just equal to the distance between the tiles.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved rack which can obviate and mitigate the above-mentioned drawbacks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an adjustable double-decker rack.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a rack which is adjustable and possessed of two shelves.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an adjustable double-decker rack which is practical in use.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an adjustable double-decker rack which is simple in structure.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an adjustable double-decker rack which is sturdy in construction.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an adjustable double-decker rack which is convenient and easy to use.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.
The invention accordingly consists of features of constructions and method, combination of elements, arrangement of parts and steps of the method which will be exemplified in the constructions and method hereinafter disclosed, the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims following.
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