Answer the following questions.
1. What is the main ingredient of DIC (diclofenac)?
2. Give the description of DIC (diclofenac).
3. Say anything you know about the indications of DIC (diclofenac).
4. Comment upon the contraindications of the medicine under review.
5. By what route is DIC (diclofenac) administered?
6. Is this drug recommended for those who have blood coagulation disorders? Is there any more precautions?
7. Is DIC (diclofenac) safe in pregnancy and lactation?
Text 2
PANADOL EXTRA SOLUBLE TABLETS
Description
Panadol Extra Soluble contains an additional ingredient to provide extra relief from pain and is based on paracetamol which is gentle on the stomach. This special Panadol Extra Soluble tablets formulation is absorbed into the bloodstream faster than conventional tablets to provide fast and effective pain relief.
Each effervescent tablet contains Paracetamol Ph.Eur. 500 mg and Caffeine Ph.Eur. 65 mg.
Indications
Panadol Extra Soluble is suitable for headache, migraine, backache, rheumatic and muscle pains, neuralgia, toothache and period pains. Panadol Extra Soluble also relieves discomfort in colds, influenza, sore throats and helps to reduce temperature. Panadol Extra Soluble contains no aspirin.
Dosage
Adults: 2 tablets dissolved in at least half a tumblerful of water up to 4 times daily.
a) Dose should not be repeated more frequently than every four hours.
b) No more than eight tablets should be given in 24 hours.
c) Panadol Extra Soluble should only be given to children under 12 years of
age on medical advice.
Cautionary notes
Do not exceed the stated dose. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor. Avoid drinking too much tea or coffee while taking this product. For professional advice on medicines consult your pharmacist.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store below 30°C.
Answer the following questions.
1. What do Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets provide?
2. What is the difference between Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets and conventional tablets?
3. What do you know about the ingredients of this medicine?
4. What are the indications of Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets?
5. What is the dose for adults?
6. Can we give Panadol Extra Soluble to children?
7. What should you do if the symptoms persist?
IX. Історія розвитку медицина та
фармації в Європі та Україні.
IX. Історія розвитку медицина та
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фармації в Європі та Україні.
Development of Pharmacy and Medicine in Europe.
Розвиток фармації і медицини в Європі.
I. Vocabulary
1. Learn the topical vocabulary.
Holy Rome — Святий Рим;
materia medica (лат.) — медичні науки;
adulterated drugs — лікарськи (речовини) з домішками;
dispensing assistant — рецептар;
who were recruited from apothecaries — котрі набиралися з аптекарів;
unlike the apothecaries' shops, the chemists' shops enjoyed protection — на відміну від старих аптек, аптеки, що відкриті коледжем лікарів, були під захистом;
decree of Peter I — наказ Петра I;
hospital chemist's — аптеки в лікарнях;
private chemist's — приватні аптеки.
2. Learn the word definitions.
Chronicle (noun) — a record of events that happened in the past, in the order of which they happened.
Chronicle (verb) — to make a record of events in the order in which they happened.
3. Match the words/word combinations and their translations.
A. 1. integral part 1. незалежна галузь
2. contributed to the store 2. відокремив фармацію
3. independent branch 3. свої власні
4. separated pharmacy 4. дуже мало
5. of their own 5. руйнувати
6. to destroy 6. небажаний учасник
7. very few 7. зробили внесок до скарбниці
8. unwanted member 8. повноправний виготовлювач
9. a rightful maker 9. користуватись захистом
10. to enjoy the protection 10. невід'ємна частина
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В . 1. до 12-го сторіччя 1. special pharmaceutical training
2. спеціальна фармацевтична освіта 2. the duty of a pharmacist
3. лише медицину 3. could inspect
4. швидко набрав сили 4. permitted practice of medicine
5. могли перевіряти 5. remained assistants
6. дозволив практикувати медицину 6. was a great success
7. залишались помічниками 7. till the twelfth century
8. мала великий успіх 8. only medicine
9. не була ухвалена парламентом 9. rapidly gathered power
10. обов'язок фармацевта 10. was not adopted by the Parliament
II. Reading
1. Read the text, write out all the dates you come across and:
- the names of medicine development periods;
- the names of organizations which protected only physicians;
- the names of organizations formed to protect pharmacists;
- the subjects studied by future chemists in Russia.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY IN EUROPE
Till the 12th century pharmacy was an integral part of medicine. The era of the Egyptian school of medicine was followed by the Greek, Roman and Arabian periods. Each period of development of medicine contributed to the store of medical knowledge by 1000 A.D. came to British Isles across Europe.
Pharmacy, as an independent branch of medicine was bom in Europe in 1240 when the Emperor of Holy Rome separated pharmacy from medicine. However, there was no special pharmaceutical training at the time. Till late seventeenth and even eighteenth century, the universities taught their students materia medi-ca. The pharmacists attending European universities from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century studied only medicine.
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The duty of a pharmacist was to prepare and sell medicines and to help the doctor. In Great Britain assistants to the physicians were called apothecaries. English apothecaries had no organization of their own.
In 1518 the College of Physicians was founded and rapidly gathered power and prestige so much so that in 1560, the physicians could inspect the apothecary's shops and destroy any adulterated drags found there.
The Medical Act of 1540 permitted practice of medicine by any person having the experience, or knowledge of herbs, roots, or waters. It was necessary because the physicians were very few in number. The apothecaries could now dispense medicines. However they remained assistants to physicians. Only rich people could come to physicians for help and the poor usually went to the apothecary's shops.
In 1623 the apothecaries opened a manufacturing laboratory which produced galenical preparations. This was necessary, in their opinion, because the drags sold were often adulterated. The laboratory was a great success and in 1671 it developed into a real chemical plant. The apothecaries had the right to dispense medicines.
The success of the apothecaries did not please the physicians and the College of Physicians opened their own shop where medicines were mixed and sold and called it "dispensary" in 1697. The apothecaries were not trained in treating the sick people and became unwanted members of the medical profession.
In the dispensary of the College of Physicians the work of compounding and dispensing was performed by "dispensing assistants" who were recruited from apothecaries. The dispensary assistants opened shops and became the dispensing chemists. Unlike the apothecaries' shops, the chemists' shops enjoyed the protection of the dispensing chemists increased.
In 1774 the General Pharmaceutical Associations of Great Britain was formed by the apothecaries but was not adopted by Parliament.
The fight continued till in 1841 the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was newly formed as an organization which aimed to establish the position of the chemists and apothecaries as a rightful makers and suppliers of medicines and the true representatives of the scientific profession of pharmacy.
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In the years that followed the importance of the pharmacist was demonstrated by an increasing number of prescriptions and greater number of pharmaceutists.
In Russia pharmacy as a branch of science started its development since the decree of Peter I in the eighteenth century. According to the decree pharmacists got special training at the hospital chemists' and private chemists'. Some of them had practice at the chemists' orchards (gardens).
The pupils studied botany and had practice of pharmacy at the hospital chemists'. At the end of their study they had an examinations for the title of a pharmacist and chemist assistant.
Pharmacy is now made possible by organized pharmaceutical education, pharmaceutical research and pharmaceutical industry.
2. Finish the chronicle.
The Chronicle of Pharmacy Development in Europe
till the 12th century Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine.
1240 Pharmacy was separated from medicine by the Emperor of
Holy Rome.
1518 The College of Physicians was founded.
1540 ----------------------------------------------------
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