Exercise 2.2. Match the two parts of the sentences to make pieces of advice on how to start your presentation.
| 1 You will break ice, calm your nerves, initiate dialogue and create interaction, B | (a) if you give objective evidence or facts from an authoritative source. |
| 2 You will focus on the needs of your audience, create desire and anticipation, raise expectations, E | (b) if you make your audience feel welcome as they arrive. |
| 3 You will get a high level of attention with a shock effect and give another voice, C | (c) if you say something which is short and simple but unusual, surprising and / or provocative. |
| 4 You will be convincing and build credibility, A | (d) if you ask something and then go on to answer it yourself. |
| 5 You will raise expectations, engage the audience in problem-solving thinking and make the audience want to see “what’s on the next page”, D | (e) if you address the audience’s needs and concerns by telling them what benefits they will gain from listening to your presentation and use the word “you” when you do this. |
Exercise 2.3. Look to the opening sentences of the three presentations and complete the table. T 2.1.
| Presentation 1 | Presentation 2 | Presentation 3 | |
| Welcoming the audience | Good afternoon | Hello | Hi |
| Introducing oneself | Let me introduce myself. | Let me get started by introducing myself. | For those of you who don’t know me, my name is… |
| Introducing a topic | The topic of my presentation is… | I would like to report on… | Today I’m going to speak about… |
| Saying why the topic is relevant for the audience | My talk is relevant to those of us who… | My topic will be very useful for us because … | By the end of this talk you will be familiar with … |
· Which presentations are formal and which less formal?
1st is formal, while 2d and 3d are informal, because they use informal language.
Exercise 2.4. Look to the presentations again and complete the following sentences.
Presentation 1
1. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. First of all, let me thank you all for coming here today.
2. Let me introduce myself. I’m …
3. The topic of my presentation is…
4. My talk is very relevant to those of us who...
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Presentation 2
Hello, everybody. It’s great pleasure to welcome you today.
Let me get started by introducing myself. My name is ... I’m an undergraduate student of SevSU I would like to report on …
My topic will be very useful for us because...
Presentation 3
Hi, everyone. I’m glad to see you all here.
For those of you who don’t know me, my name is ... I’m a graduate student of Sevastopol State University.
Today I’m going to talk about the...
By the end of this talk you will be familiar with...
Exercise 2.5. Use the notes to write sentences which can be used to state the purpose of your presentation.
The purpose / objective/aim of this presentation is to solve the problem.
Today I’d like to give you an overview of my research.
I’d like to inform you about / give you the background to/present the results of my research in this field.
During the next 15 minutes we’ll be familiar with my results.
This talk is designed to act as a springboard for discussion.
I’m going to talk about / tell you about / show you how to deal with / take a look at the recent development in / report on the results of the study we carried out...
What I’m going to do / What I intend to do is to describe to you/show you/tell you about...
Exercise 2.6. Complete the following sentences with the preposition in the box.
| to; into(twice); about; at; for; on; of |
1 Good morning everyone and welcome to my presentation.
2 First of all, let me thank you all for coming here today.
3 I’ve divided my presentation into three main parts.
4 First of all, I’d like to give you an overview of present situation.
5 Secondly, I’ll focus on the following points.
6 And then, I’ll go on to put the situation on some kind of perspective.
7 It will take about 20 minutes to cover these issues.
8 Please interrupt me, if there is something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the end.
Read & Reflect
| Useful Information Introduction of a Presentation Experts say that the first few minutes of a presentation are the most important. If you are able to get the audience’s attention quickly, they will be interested in what you have to say. Ø Welcoming the audience Good morning / afternoon ladies and gentlemen. Hello /Hi, everyone. First of all, let me thank you all for coming here today. I’m happy / delighted that so many of you could make it today. It’s a pleasure to welcome you today. It’s good to see you all here. The purpose of the introduction is not only to tell the audience who you are, what the talk is about and why it is relevant to them; you also want to tell the audience (briefly) how the talk is structured. Ø Phrases to talk about the structure I’ve divided my presentation into … main parts: x, y, and z. In my presentation I’ll focus on three major issues. First of all, I’ll be looking at …, second …, and third … So, first of all … I’ll begin (start) off by explaining … I would like to begin by … Let’s start with my presentation. Then /Next / after that, I’ll go on to… Next we come to … My next point is … Finally, I’ll offer some solutions. And finally … The final part of the introduction deals with the organization of the talk: how long it will last, whether there will be handouts, and how questions will be handed. Ø Timing My presentation will take about … minutes. It should take about … to cover these issues. This won’t take more than … Ø Handouts Does everyone have a handout /brochure / report? Please take one, and pass them on. Don’t worry about taking notes. I’ll put all the important statistics on a handout for you. I’ll be handing out copies of the slides at the end of my talk. I’ll email the Power Point presentation to you/anybody who wants it. Ø Questions There will be time for questions after my presentation. If you have any questions, feel free to interrupt me at any time. Feel free to ask questions at any time during my talk. We will have about…minutes for questions in the question and answer period. |
Exercise 2.7. Prepare the Introduction of your presentation using phrases in this unit and the following plan:
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Ø Welcome audience
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Ø Introduce yourself (name, position/function)
Ø State your topic
Ø Explain why your topic is important for the audience
Ø Describe the structure of your talk (the main points and when you will be
dealing with them)
Ø Let the audience know how you are organizing the presentation (timing, handouts, questions)
· Think of how you can improve your Introduction.
I completely agree with authors, they give relevant information to be taken into account.
UNIT 3. Today’s Topic Is…
In pairs, discuss the following questions:
· What do you think makes a good main part of a presentation? Is it an interesting fact, well-structured research, presenter’s personality, or anything else? Write your ideas below.
A good main part of a presentation should
Exercise 3.1. Read the text about some of the powerful techniques for making a good main part of a presentation. What are they?(They are Repetition, Rule of 6 and examples)
When we are presenting the main part, it can feel unnatural to say the same words over and over again. But it is noticed that repetition really works. It really helps clarify and consolidate the key points. So, try to use repetition. It is an easy technique and it actually makes presenting in English less difficult as you do not have to find different words for the same things.
You can repeat a phrase or a slogan like a mantra. Sometimes it is this mantra that everyone remembers long after the presentation is over. Classical orators used this technique and one of the most famous examples is the Martin Luther King’s speech where he used the “I have a dream” mantra. People even call it the “I have a dream” speech. Mantra has to be precise, to the point and memorable. When you get the mantra right, everybody remembers it.
Remember the Rule of Three. Most experts attribute the Rule of Three to Aristotle’s Art of Rhetoric in which he referred to “three types of speeches” and “three forms of proof”. For example: “In my presentation about trademark law I would like to give you an overview of what trademark law is about, why it’s important, and how we protect trademarks in the marketplace.” Usually a list of three has a sense of completeness. It’s a fairly simple but highly effective technique.
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Give real life examples or examples that everybody knows. This really speaks to the audience as they remember things when they relate them to themselves, events or people. Examples bring things to life.
· Complete the following sentences. You may use the information from the text.
1 Repetition really helps clarify and consolidate the key points.
2 Repetition actually makes presenting in English less difficult.
3 It is a good idea to repeat a phrase or a slogan, so that everyone will remember the presentation.
4 People still remember the Martin Luther King’s speech as “I have a dream” mantra.
5 Mantra has to be precise.
6 Aristotle referred the Rule of Three to Aristotle’s Art of Rhetoric.
7 Usually a list of three has sense of completeness.
8 Giving real life examples or examples that the audience knows is important as they relate them to themselves, events or people.
Exercise 3.2. During the presentation you may use rhetorical questions as they create expectation and a feeling of a dialogue. They are also a useful tool outlining and signposting the structure.
Read the statements below and write a rhetorical question that could go after each of them.
Example: We’ve solved the problem. How did we do this?
1 That brings me to the end of my second point. What are the reasons?
2 To tell the truth I found this quite a difficult task. Why is it difficult?
3 These factors are favorable for the development of economic and trade relations between Russia and China. What makes you think so?
4 The option of using both schemes in a different ratio is optimum. What are the reasons?
5 Income fell sharply last year. What are the reasons?
6 Now let’s move on to why we protect trademarks in the market place. What for?
7 Tourist numbers increased suddenly. What was the reason?
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