Exercise 4.7. Complete the sentences used to refer to highlighting information with the words and phrases from the box.
1I’d like to draw your attention to the upper half of the chart.
2 I’d also like to emphasize that our market position is excellent.
3 If you look at it more closely, you’ll notice there are several surprising developments.
4 I’d like to point out one or two interesting details.
5 I’d like you to think about the significance of this figure here.
6 What is really important here is how much we are prepared to the experiment.
7 I’d like to focus your attention on the underlying trend here.
8 Whichever the reasons for this/Whichever way you look at it/However you try to explain it, the underlying trend is obvious.
Exercise 4.8. Here are some words you can use for Describing Movements and Tends in English. Put them in the correct category in the table.
| UPWARDS | DOWNWARDS | OTHER |
| climb | decline | remain stable |
| expand | decrease | fluctuate |
| increase | go down | stay the same level |
| go up | come down | stabilize |
| pick up | drop | remain steady |
| improve | take off | stagnate |
| reach a peak | deteriorate | hold firm |
Read & Reflect
| Useful Information Describing Movements and Trends You may excite interest of the audience by adding adjectives and adverbs to your trend descriptions. Adjectives + nouns: § a sudden increase § a moderate fall § a gradual decline (rise) § a slight rise (increase) § a rapid growth § a sharp jump § a significant decrease the greatest increase Adverbs + verbs: § increase slightly § drop significantly (slightly) § rise sharply § decline slightly § decrease steadily § fall dramatically § grow considerably |
Exercise 4.9. Describe the following graphs using the words in Exercise 4.6.
Exercise 4.10. To describe Movements and Trends you should use different verb forms. Underline the correct verb form in the following sentences.
1 Temperatures in some parts of Britain fell between 2015 and 2016.
2 Usage of energy that comes from coal, oil and gas was increasing rapidly during the summer months last year.
3 Amounts of carbon dioxide into atmosphere are rising since 2009.
4 The political tension has deteriorated into civil war this month.
5 Production of personal computers had already improved when we introduced the new product line in 2010.
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6 The number of motor vehicles had been fluctuating before we streamlined the processes.
7 This work is improving now.
8 Soils where rainforests grow are getting worse and worse.
9 Sales of personal computers will pickup next year.
10 Unfortunately considered problems won’t improve in the foreseeable future.
Exercise 4.11. Read the text about Some Tips to Describe Trends on Graphs and Charts.
v Think about the number of visuals you want to use – don’t overdo it! Remember: less is often more.
v Before showing the graph or chart, prepare the audience for it. Say something which makes them interested in what they will see. This technique is called “media teasing”.
v Give the audience time to understand what they see before you start explaining the details.
v If the movement you want to describe is very complex, simplify it. Divide the graph into two or three parts and summarize the main developments.
v Provide an interpretation of the graph’s movement. The audience wants to know there are ups and downs in the graphs, what they mean, and what consequences they have.
v Use the TTT method when presenting graphics: touch (or point to) a detail on the projection, then turn to the audience, and finally talk to them.
v Use interesting and varied language to describe trends. You need alternative expressions to describe similar developments.
· Which tips do you think are the most useful? Why?
(I think they are all equally useful, because you can not do without them.)
Read & Reflect
| Useful Information Checklist for Visuals Ø Prepare each visual carefully and separately Ø Check whether the visual really shows what you are saying. Ø Make sure your audience can read the visual (font size and color). Ø Find effective headlines. Ø Keep design and content simple. Ø Use bullet charts for text. Ø Reduce text to a minimum. Ø Always prepare audience for visuals. Ø Present information clearly and logically Ø Remember the rule of six. Checklist for Using Visuals (Graphs & Charts) Ø Make your visual as clear and easy to understand as possible. Ø Start by telling your audience what the graph / chart illustrates. Ø Highlight the key points. Ø Say why these points are important (and explain the cause or effect). Ø Use different verbs to express movement / development. Ø Use the same key words and phrases you used on your bullet charts. |
UNIT 5. To Sum Up…
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In pairs, discuss the following question:
· What advice would you give someone who has to make the conclusion of a presentation more effective?
(Make quotations and referring as well as call the audience to action)
Exercise 5.1. You can make your conclusion more effective using questions, quoting a well-known person, referring back to the beginning or calling the audience to action. Look at the sentences and put them in the correct category in the table.
1 Remember what I said at the beginning of my talk today? Well, …
2 So that’s the plan. Now let’s go and put it into practice!
3 As … once said, …
4 After all, isn’t that why we’re here?
5 Now let’s make a real effort to achieve this goal!
6 Let me just finish with a question: If we don’t do it, won’t somebody else?
7 To put in the words of …
8 Let me just go back to the story I told you earlier. Remember, …
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