Translate the following pairs of derivatives and memorize them.
Verb – Noun
| to dispose – disposal to environ – environment to establish – establishment to flush – flushing to maintain – maintenance to manufacture – manufacturing to precipitate – precipitation | to recycle – recycling to separate – separator / separation to serve – service to sew – sewer / sewage / sewerage to solve – solvent / solution to vary – variety to weigh – weight |
Noun – Adjective
| commerce – commercial | pathogen – pathogenic |
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| industry – industrial organ – (in)organic parasite – parasitic | residence – residential sanitation – sanitary significance – significant |
Noun – Verb
| cause – to cause clean – to clean compound – to compound | flush – to flush need – to need process – to process |
Verb – Adjective
| to identify – identifiable to process – process | to vary – various |
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Verb – Participle II
| to call – called to develop – developed to dissolve – dissolved | to suspend – suspended to treat – (un)treated to use – used |
Compound Nouns/ Adjectives
| bathroom dishwasher dry-cleaning household percent photofinishing | rainfall rooftop runoff wastewater waterway wetland |
Translate the following pairs of derivatives paying attention to the meanings of prefixes.
| (to) cycle – (to) recycle common – uncommon developed – undeveloped ground – underground human – inhuman likely – unlikely metal – nonmetal | pure – impure purification – self-purification purity – impurity safe – unsafe surface – subsurface to move – to remove to solve – to dissolve |
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| organic – inorganic | treated – untreated |
Transform as in the models.
Model 1 “Verb è Noun”: To treat wastewater è treatment of wastewater
To dispose of sludge, to contaminate waterways, to damage the envi- ronment, to maintain clean aquatic environment, to divide into types, to separate and drain waste, to water plants, to recycle grey water, to identi- fy chemical compounds, to discharge into waterways, to remove solids.
Model 2 “Noun è Noun”: treatment of wastewater è wastewater treatment
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Particles of soil and dirt, sinks in kitchens and bathrooms, fragments of food, watering of plants, a system of pipes, processes of treatment, lots for parking, the surface of the ground, a basin for sedimentation, disposal of wastewater, disposal of sludge, discharge of water, recycling of grey water.
11.
Insert the appropriate word or word combination. (1)
effluent, large, origin, rain, remainder, reuse, secondary, suspended sol- ids, wash off, wastewater
1. All the water we use inside our houses and workplaces becomes in the wastewater, or sewer pipes.
2. Wastewater from houses is 99.9% water, and the (0.1%) is im- purities, organic and inorganic in .
3. Many industries have wastewater management systems to col- lect, treat, and (where feasible) their own process waters*, while using public sewers** to discharge the human component of their wastewater.
4. Although some people assume that the that runs down the street isn’t quite clean. Harmful substances that roads, parking lots, and rooftops can harm waterways.
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5. The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the
as possible before the remaining water, called , is dis- charged back into the environment. Primary treatment removes 50- 60% of suspended solids.treatment removes more than 90% of suspended solids.
*process water – производственная, техническая вода, отрабо- тавшая [отработанная] вода
**public sewers – коллекторы городской канализации
(2)
Wastewater is aof toilet water, grey water, industrial wastewater, drainage water, and, in a combined sewerage system*, also storm water. The composition of wastewater is a mixture ofcoming from the dif- ferent sources.
Principal pollutants in wastewater include organic material, (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, microscopic fungi and algae), suspended solids, plant nutrients, pollutants from agriculture, and.
Domestic wastewater containsfrom washing dishes, washing and bathing and toilet water urine and faeces.
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The content of industrial wastewater can vary greatly and depends on the type of used. Source control and demand of treatment of have gradually decreased the pollutants originating from industrial wastewater.
Wastewater from restaurants and offices has asimilar to domes- tic wastewater.
Drainage water is water from houseand groundwater leaking in- to the sewer pipes. The water originates from rainwater that has infiltrat- ed in the soil. The content ofis the same as that of groundwater.
Storm water is runoff of rainfall that collects in a system of pipes or open channels. Pollutants in storm water originate from such as streets and roofs that are washed with the rainwater. Pollutant content variesthe type of surface that the runoff comes from.
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*a combined sewerage system - общесплавная [комбинированная] канализационная система
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