Translate the following pairs of derivatives paying attention to the meanings of prefixes.
| biological – microbiological connection – interconnection danger – to endanger desirable – undesirable living – non-living mature – immature natural – unnatural organic – inorganic organism – microorganism | pure – impure purity – impurity settling – non-settling soluble – dissoluble/ insoluble/ nonsoluble / unsoluble suitable – unsuitable to move – to remove to solve – to dissolve treated – untreated |
Transform as in the models.
Model 1 “Verb è Noun”: to pollute water è pollution of water
To treat water, to purify water, to remove undesirable impurities, to neutralize an impurity, to contaminate water resources, to divide into types, to deteriorate water quality, to describe the characteristics of wa- ter, to protect the health of the community, to provide special treatment, to classify pollutants.
Model 2 “Noun è Noun”: quality of water è water quality
Treatment of water, purification of water, contamination of water re- sources, pollution of a water source, removal or neutralization of impuri- ties, properties of water, water on the surface, water in the ground, fea- tures of landscape, life of plants and animals, characteristics of water, requirements for water quality, sampling and analyses of water.
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11.
disposal sites, dump, fertilizers, harmful wastes, leak, reduces, sewerage systems, wastes, water pollution
Insert the appropriate word or word combination. (1)
There are several kinds of environmental pollution. They include air pollution, , soil pollution, and pollution caused by solid wastes, noise, and radiation.
Water pollution the amount of pure, fresh water that is avail- able for such necessities as drinking and cleaning, and for such activities as swimming and fishing. The pollutants that affect water come mainly from industries, farms, and sewerage systems. Industries huge amounts of wastes into bodies of water each year. These include chemicals, wastes from animal and plant matter, and hundreds of other substances. Some of these wastes may be hazardous. Industries dispose of much hazardous waste in on land. But improperly-managed sites may the wastes into underground water supplies that people use. Wastes from farms include animal wastes,, and pesticides.
carry wastes from homes, offices, and industries into water. Nearly all cities have waste treatment plants that remove some of the most from sewage. But even most of the treated sewage contains material that harms water.
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(2)
1. A microorganism, or , is a microscopic single-cell or multicel- lular organism (including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, algae, as well as microscopic plants such as).
2. The study of microorganisms is called , a subject that began with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of in 1675, using a microscope of his own design.
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3. Some microorganisms and chemical substances that can contaminate water supplies cause human disease. So, there are two broad categories of pathogenic ( ) contaminants:
Pathogenic microorganisms and
2. toxic substances, including:
§ Cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae) are very widespread in the envi- ronment and cause.
§ Chemicals. Organic contaminants include pesticides, industrial sol- vents, and chloroform. Inorganic contaminants include arsenic, nitrate, fluoride, and toxic metals such as .
§ Radioactive contaminants. Strontium-90 and tritium are found in water as a result of nuclear weapons testing; radium, uranium and radon gas are substances found in some groundwater sources.
Human waste from urban development
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