Read the following text and characterize domestic, public and industrial water supply.
Text D. Domestic, Public and Industrial Water Supply
Water supply is available water provided to fulfill a particular need. If the need is domestic, public, commercial, industrial, or agricultural, the water must fulfill both quality and quantity requirements. Water supply systems are subdivided into several branches according to the purpose of facilities they service:
45
1. 
domestic water supply;
2. public water supply;
3. industrial and commercial water supply.
Water use in agriculture (for irrigation) is considered separately.
Domestic and Public Water Supply. Of all municipal services, pro- vision of potable water is perhaps the most vital. All people depend on water for satisfying numerous domestic (household) needs indoors and outdoors.
Domestic water use just covers self-supplied domestic water with- drawals by those people and organizations that use their own wells to supply their water, as opposed to public-supplied (public-service) water.
Water generally gets to our homes in one of two ways. Either it is de- livered by a city water supply organization (utility), or people supply their own water, usually from a well. So, water delivered to homes is called “public-supplied / public-service” and water supplied by people themselves is called “self-supplied”.
No doubt, the first public-supply water system was when Jack the Caveman* was hired by his neighbours to fetch a bucket of water from the Dinosaur River in exchange for some delicious prehistoric bran muf- fins**. Today organized systems exist all over the world. Their aim is to get water, clean it and deliver it to local residents.
When the population was a lot more rural, people used to have to dig their own wells and create storage tanks for their water sup- ply. But with the majority of urban popula- tion the public-supply water systems do that
work for us. All we do is turn on the tap and pay the bills!
During times of droughts, floods, earthquakes, or other emergencies, vigorous efforts must be made to maintain public water supplies.
Industrial Water Supply. Water supply systems must also meet re- quirements for commercial and industrial activities.
The Industrial Revolution was the rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries and brought about the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the use of steam
46
power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods. Water has always played a critical part in implementation of eve- ry industrial process. It is estimated that now about 22% of world-wide water use is industrial. The demand for water is sure to increase in fu- ture. Though water consumption depends on the region, as a whole, in- dustrial water usage is lower than agricultural use.
|
|
|
The most important purposes of industrial water consumption are cooling, scouring, washing, dampening, steam generation, hydraulic transport, etc. The use of water for cooling exceeds all other kinds of water consumption as it is used in such branches of industry as metallur- gy, oil-refining industry, chemical industry, etc. In general, the largest water users are enterprises of metallurgical, chemical, oil-refining, petro- chemical, and machine-building industry, as well as thermal power sta- tions.
Industry also uses water to dissipate and transport waste materials. In fact, many streams are now overused for this purpose, especially water- courses in urban centres. The use of watercourses for waste dispersal degrades the quality of the water and may reduce its usefulness for other purposes. This is especially true if the industrial wastes are toxic.
*Jack the Caveman пещерный человек
**bran muffins оладьи из отрубей
 |
18. Read the texts of Unit 2 again and make notes under the follow- ing headings. Then use your notes to talk about Water Supply Sys- tems and The General Scheme and the Main Components and Facili- ties of Water Supply Systems.
1. Water supply.
2. Water supply systems.
3. The general scheme of a water supply system.
4. Water distribution systems.
5. The main components and facilities of a water supply system.
6. Domestic, public and industrial water supply.
47
Unit 3
Conventional Water Treatment
“Water has no taste, no color, no odor; it cannot be defined, art relished while ever mysterious. Not necessary to life, but rather life itself.
It fills us with a gratification that exceeds the delight of the senses.”
ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPERY (1900-1944)
“If there is magic on this planet, it is contained in water.”
|
|
|
LORAN EISELY
 |
Дата добавления: 2019-02-22; просмотров: 198; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!