SPELLING RULES (present participle)
We add –ing to the verb to form the present participle.
| № | what | when | examples | compare |
| 1 | We double the final consonant | after one short stressed vowel in the closed syllable. | stop – stopping; plan – planning; be'gin – beginning; | write- writing come - coming |
| 2 | We double the final -r | after one stressed vowel in the third type of the syllable | pre'fer – preferring; stir – stirring; | 'offer – offering; appear – appearing |
| 3 | We double the final -l | a short vowel, stressed or unstressed (typical of British English) | quarrel – quarrelling travel – travelling | appeal – appealing |
| 4 | We change -ie into -y | always | die – dying; lie – lying. | |
| 5 | We don’t change –y into -i | never | try – trying; play –playing; copy – copying |
VERBS OF STATE (NOT used in Present Continuous)
| № | group | examples | ||||
| 1 | verbs of sense perception | |||||
| see (= видеть), hear, feel | We see and hear you well | |||||
| but | see in other meanings
| We are seeing him tomorrow. ( встречае мся ) | ||||
| but | feel and look (= выглядеть ), for the present moment | How do you feel now? How are you feeling now? You look nice today. You are looking nice today | ||||
| 2 | verbs of mental activity | |||||
| know, believe, think (= считать), mean, remember, recognize, understand etc. | I understand you now. He thinks he is clever. What do you mean? | |||||
| but | think (= размышлять) | I am thinking about his offer. | ||||
| 3 | verbs of wish | |||||
| want, wish etc. | Now she wants a new car. What do you wish now? | |||||
| 4 | verbs of feelings | |||||
| love, like, dislike, hate, prefer etc. | They like this film. I love you, Fiona. | |||||
| but | to emphasize the feeling | I’m just loving this film! I’m still loving you. | ||||
| 5 | verbs expressing physical properties of objects | |||||
| taste (=иметь вкус), smell (=пахнуть), weigh (=иметь вес), sound (звучать) | The apple tastes sour. The flowers smell nice How much do you weigh? It sounds wonderful! | He is tasting the apple.(пробовать) They are smelling the flowers.(нюхать) He is weighing the meat. (взвешивать) | ||||
| 6
| abstract verbs | |||||
| be,have (=иметь), own, belong, contain, consist, depend, seem etc. | They depend on you now. Who owns this gun? He seems sad today. | |||||
| but | be + adjective in the meaning вести себя | He is being very rude today. But : He is rude. (in general) | ||||
JAZZ CHANTS
Banker’s Wife’s Blues Well, He Eats Like a Pig He Loves the Ocean
ˈWhere does ˈJohn ˏlive? ˈWell, he ˈeats like a ˎpig He loves the ocean
He ˈlives near the ˎbank He ˈcan’t ˈget eˎnough He loves the sky
ˈWhere does he ˎwork? He ˈworks like a ˋdog She loves to travel
He ˈworks at the ˎbank He ˈlooks ˈreal ˎtough She loves to fly
ˎWhen does he .work? He ˈsmokes like a ˎchimney He likes the country
He ˈworks ˈall ˏday Four ˈpacks a ˎday He loves the clouds
And he ˈworks all ˎnight He ˈsleeps like a ˎlog She likes the city
At the ˎbank, at the ˎbank ˈWhat ˎmore can I say? She loves the crowds
At the ˈgreat ˈbig ˎbank He ˈdrinks like a ˎfish She loves the telephone
ˈWhere does he ˎstudy? ˈScotch on the ˎrocks She loves to talk
He ˈstudies at the ˎbank ˈWhen he ˈgets real ˎmad He loves the mountains
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ˈWhere does he ˎsleep? He ˈhardly ˎtalks He loves to walk
He ˈsleeps at the ˎbank He ˈcries like a ˎbaby She loves to travel
ˋWhy does he .spend ˈWhen he’s ˈfeeling ˎsad She loves to fly
ˈAll ˏday, ˈall ˎnight (2) He’s the ˈdearest ˏfriend He loves the ocean
At the ˎbank, at the ˎbank? I’ve ˈever ˎhad He loves the sky
Beˈcause he ˈloves his ˏbank
ˈMore than his ˎwife
And he ˈloves his ˎmoney
ˈMore than his ˎlife What’s Going On This Morning?
The ˈearth is ˎturning
The ˈtoast is ˎburning
The ˈwater is boiling
The ˈtea kettle’s ˎwhistling
The ˈfaucet is ˎleaking
The ˈfloor is ˎcreaking
The ˈplants are ˎdying
The ˈkids are ˎcrying
ˈWhat’s ˎburning?
The ˎtoast is burning
ˈWhat’s ˎboiling?
The ˎwater is boiling
ˈHow are the ˎplants?
The ˈplants are ˎdying
ˈHow are the ˎkids?
The ˈkids are ˎcrying
EXERCISES
Add -s and -ing to the verbs.
Model: to do – does, doing.
Ex. 1
1. to enjoy 2. to dry 3. to lie 4. to marvel 5. to deal 6. to pat 7. to open 8. to begin 9. to bother 10. to clear 11. to deliver 12. to carry 13. to copy 14. to destroy 15. to die 16. to sail 17. to quarrel 18. to set 19. to hide 20. to plan 21. to water 22. to occur 23. to differ 24. to swim 25. to regret 26. to come 27. to marry 28. to lay 29. to skin 30. to look 31. to appear 32. to stir 33. to dig 34. to bite 35. to shop 36. to expel 37. to kneel 38. to cost 39. to write;
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Ex. 2
1. to say 2. to go 3. to try 4. to forget 5. to cut 6. to slip 7. to sleep 8. to sit 9. to travel 10. to conceal 11. to rebel 12. to buy 13. to fly 14. to pay 15. to put 16. to run 17. to shoot 18. to rise 19. to get 20. to skip 21. to transfer 22. to chatter 23. to offer 24. to refer 25. to win 26. to whine 27. to shut 28. to tie 29. to stay 30. to pity 31. to obey 32. to hit 33. to hide 34. to wish 35. to watch 36. to give 37. to stop 38. to dye;
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