Ex. 6. Translate into English.
A. 1. Открой дверь, пожалуйста. 2. Давай потанцуем. 3. Пусть Ник сыграет на гитаре. 4. Пусть он споёт. 5. Не перебивай меня. 6. Не позволяй ему вести машину. 7. Пусть она приготовит завтрак. 8. Давай я помогу тебе. 9. Давай не будем смотреть телевизор сейчас. 10. Перестаньте разговаривать. 11. Давай пообедаем. 12. Пусть она поговорит с ним.
B . Посмотри на себя. Ты молодой и ты напуган. Пeрестань бояться. Пeрестань думать о том, что другие люди думают о тебе. Носи то, что хочешь. Говори то, что думаешь. Слушай ту музыку, которая тебе нравится. Перестань ждать пятницу. Живи сейчас. Веселись. Танцуй. Влюбляйся. Рискуй. Это твоя жизнь.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
TAG QUESTIONS
1) Tag questions (or question tags) are short questions that we add at the end of a statement. We use them to ask for confirmation of the statement or agreement with it.
They are leaving soon, aren’t they? It’s autumn now, isn’t it?
2) Tag questions are formed with an auxiliary [ɔːg'zɪlɪ(ə)rɪ] verb and the suitable personal pronoun. A positive statement is followed by a negative tag question, and a negative statement is followed by a positive tag question.
It’s not late, is it? He left, didn’t he? They must leave, mustn’t they? She will come, won’t she?
3) When the sentence begins with everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, we form a tag question with a plural auxiliary verb + they.
Everyone knows the way to the hotel, don’t they? No one is in the room, are they?
4) Study the following tag questions.
| 1 | This is a long story, isn’t it? | That is a great chance, isn’t it? | ||
| 2 | These are your problems, aren’t they? | Those are his children, aren’t they? | ||
| 3 | I am late for classes, aren’t I? | I am not late, am I? | ||
| 4 | There is a lake near the village, isn’t there? | |||
| 5 | Let’s consult the doctor, shall we?
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| 6 | Let me (him, the boys) help you, will you / won’t you? | |||
| 7 | Leave the door open, will you / won’t you / can you / could you? | |||
| 8 | Don’t call me again, will you? | |||
Note:
Mindthe meaningof yes and no in answer to a negative question:
a short affirmative answer always begins with yes;
a short negative answer always begins with no.
He is not at home, is he? – Yes. (Yes, he is. / Yes, he is at home)
– No. (No, he isn’t. / No, he is not at home)
Compare to Russian:
Его ведь нет дома? – Да, его нет дома.
– Нет , он дома .
YES/NO QUESTIONS
1) Yes/no questions expect yes or no in answer.
To form a yes/no question we put an auxiliary at the beginning of the question before its subject.
Kate is studying. – Is she studying? He hates warm milk. Does he hate warm milk?
2) Negative yes/no questions are often asked to express surprise, disbelief or irritation.
Don’t you remember our trip to Spain? (Разве ты не помнишь ... и т. д.)
CHOICE QUESTIONS
A choice question is a yes/no question to which we add an alternative.
Is he English / or American? Did she go out / or stay at home? Will you /or your sister come?
WH-QUESTIONS
1) Wh-questions begin with a question word: who, what, when, where, why, whose, which, whom, how, how often etc, followed by an auxiliary verb and the subject.
2) In subject questions the word order is the same as in statements, the question word takes the place of the subject.
His parents go to the country every weekend.
Whose parents go to the country every weekend? What do his parents do every weekend?
Who goes to the country every weekend? Where do they go every weekend?
When do they go to the country?
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When there is a preposition, it usually goes at the end of the question Who is the letter from? (From whom is the letter? – is an official or outdated variant )
3) Who and What
When we speak about people, who-questions are used to ask for a person’s name or relation tosomebody. Who is he? – He’s James Bond. He’s my friend. He’s my brother.
What-questions ask about a person’s profession or occupation.
What is this man? – He is a doctor. What is she? – She is a student.
Note: 'What are you?’ is considered to be rude and is usually replaced by ‘What do you do?’
| № | question | meaning | answer | |
| 1 | What does she look like? | about appearance | – She is tall and slim. | |
| 2 | What is she like? | about character and/or appearance | – She is kind. She is tall. | |
| 3 | What does she like? | about one’s favourite occupation | – She likes to watch TV. | |
| Questions beginning with какой in Russian | ||||
| 1 | What + noun What book is it? | about precise information like names etc. | – It’s ‘Treasure Island’. | |
| 2 | What kind of … What kind of book is it? | about a sort, genre, opinion or description | - It’s an adventure book. It’s a nice book. It’s a thick brown book. | |
| 3 | What ... like What is this book like? | about an opinion or description | – This book is interesting. This book is thick and brown. | |
| 4 | Which | about the choice between two (or a limited number of) objects | Which book are you reading: ‘Rebecca’ or ‘Robinson Crusoe’? | |
TYPES OF NEGATIVE SENTENCES
1. He is not coming to the party. They don’t like fish. Jane won’t take part in it.
2. There are no high mountains in Great Britain. No news is good news.
3. She has neither brothers nor sisters.
4. Can you lend a couple of dollars? – Sorry, I have none.
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5. Nobody (=No one) can help him.
6. I’m afraid nothing can be done about it.
7. He was nowhere to be seen.
8. She is never late. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
9. He could hardly say a word.
10. They seldom go to this park.
Ex. 1. Add question tags.
Everyone knows the way to the hotel,
No one is in the room,
This is a long story,
That is a great chance,
These are your problems,
Those are his children,
I am late for classes,
I am not late,
There is a lake near the village,
Let’s consult the doctor,
Let me (him, the boys) help you,
Leave the door open,
Don’t call me again,
Ex. 2. Read in English.
Negative particle
1. He is ( не ) coming to the party. They ( не ) like fish. Jane ( не ) take part in it.
Pronoun
2. There are ( нет ) high mountains in Great Britain. ( нет ) news is good news.
3. She has ( ни ) brothers ( ни ) sisters.
4. Can you lend a couple of dollars? – Sorry, I have ( нет , нисколько ).
5. ( Никто – 2 варианта ) can help him.
6. I’m afraid ( ничего ) can be done about it.
Adverb
7. He was ( нигде ) to be seen.
8. She is ( никогда ) late. ( никогда ) put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
9. He could ( едва ) say a word.
10. They ( редко ) go to this park.
Ex. 3. Add question tags.
1. There are no places in the train.
2. That’s your new neighbour.
3. I’m not alone.
4. You must come in time.
5. If he comes, let me know.
6. Jake has been working here for 5 years.
7. She could hardly move.
8. I am older than you.
9. These are your classmates.
10. Say hello to them.
11. Let’s go away now.
12. They seldom miss classes.
13. Nobody likes her.
14. Mary saw an old friend of hers.
15. This is the house where he lived as a kid.
16. You should take a rest.
17. Everybody will come.
18. His parents are retired.
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19. He had never written to her.
20. There was a man at the door.
21. I am seventeen.
22. No one met me.
23. The children are sleeping.
1. 7. THE VERBS ‘BE’ & ‘HAVE’
I. BE
(doesn’t need an auxiliary in questions and negatives)
1. As a notional verb ‘be’ has the meaning «быть, находиться».
In this case, it’s followed by an adverbial modifier of place.
I am at home. Is Tom in? Gwen wasn’t here. My friends are in Paris now.
2.As a link-verb, it’s part of the compound nominal predicate and is followed by a predicative expressed by a noun, adjective or numeral.
I am a student. Are you seventeen? He is late. They are happy together.
3. As an auxiliary verb, it’s used for verb tense formsof active andpassive voice.
As a modal verb, it’s used to express formal arrangements, instructions, agreements.
We are to meet at 7.
4. P resent forms of be
| statements | questions | negatives | |
| I | I am at home. | Am I at home? | I am not at home. |
| he / she / it | He is at home. It is dark. | Is he at home? Is it dark? | He is not at home. It isn’t dark. |
| we / you / they | They are at home | Are they at home? | They aren’t at home |
5. Combinations be + adjective (or past participle),express actions and are translatedas verbs
1. be absent – отсутствовать;
2. be present – присутствовать;
3. be cold – мерзнуть;
4. be late for – опаздывать;
5. be fond of – увлекаться;
6. be glad – радоваться;
7. be ill – болеть;
8. be sorry – сожалеть;
9. be interested in – интересоваться;
10. be nervous – нервничать;
11. be proud of – гордиться;
12. be angry with – сердиться;
13. be sleepy – хотеть спать;
14. be tired of – устать;
15. be afraid of – бояться;
16. be upset – огорчаться, расстроиться;
II . HAVE
1. As a notional verb ‘to have’ has the following meanings:
Иметь , обладать ».
In this case, we form negatives and questions with suitable auxiliary verbs.
He has a country house, doesn’t he? Do you have a family? They didn’t have a dog last year.
Note:
In everyday speech, we may use the combination havegot.
In this case we form negatives and questions with have.
He has got your address, hasn’t he? I haven’t got a sister. Have you got a computer?
The combination have got is only used in the present.
In the past it’s replaced by had.
“I’ve got two children,” he said. He said he had two children.
2) Havecombines with some nouns to express an action and is translated as a verb.
1. have a meal – поесть
2. have a drink – попить, выпить
3. have a chat – поболтать
4. have a talk – поговорить
5. have a rest – отдохнуть
6. have a sleep – поспать
7. have fun – повеселиться
8. have a break – сделать перерыв
9. have a dance – потанцевать
10. have a fight – подраться
11. have a quarrel – поссориться
12. have a trip – съездить куда-то
13. have a walk – погулять
14. have a game – сыграть
In this case, we form negatives and questions with suitable auxiliary verbs.
Does she have a good time at weekends? We don’t have classes in July.
2. As an auxiliary verb, it’s used to form perfect and perfect continuous tenses.
As a modal verb, it’s translated into Russian as «вынужден, приходится»
I have to get up early.
3. Present forms of have as a notional verb
| statements | questions | negatives | |
| have | He has a car | Does he have a car? | He doesn’t have a car. He has no car. |
| have lunch | He has lunch at 12. | Does he have lunch at 12? | He doesn’t have lunch at 12. |
| have got | He has got a car. | Has he got a car? | He hasn’t got a car. He’s got no car. |
Ex .1. Make the sentences negative. Use ‘not’, ‘no’ and ‘never’
1. I have got friends here. 2. Jessica is sad. 3. We have to go now. 4. My baby brother has got teeth. 5. They are at home. 6. We have been to Rome. 7. I have time. 8. The Mortons have dinner late. 9. His parents have got money. 10. I am twenty.
Ex. 2. Add question tags.
1. He has a white Rolls Royce,…………………….? 2. She has got a new boyfriend, …………? 3. I am eighteen, ………………? 4. I have no choice, ………………………….? 5. They haven’t got anywhere to go, …………………….? 6. He is worried, ………………….? 7. They are always busy, …………………? 8. Ken has a lot of problems, …………...? 9. She is hardly able to speak, ……………………………….? 10. We have to tell you about it now, ………………? 11. I am seldom tired,……………………………? 12. That’s not right, …………………..? 13. These are her colleagues, ………………? 14. They have a cottage in the mountains, ………?
Ex. 3. Ask choice questions.
71. Benny has got a hedgehog. 2. The film is exciting. 3. Her son is a DJ. 4. Her brothers have few friends. 5. This is your new assistant. 6. She has a nap after lunch.
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