Present your project in class. Keep in mind professional business phrases for presentation (turn to Reference).
TEST 4
Model: Collecting information in the enemy territory – having collected the information in the enemy territory
1. Measuring the altitude –
2. Checking all the equipment on board –
3. Gathering the necessary data –
4. Overcoming difficulties –
5. Colliding with obstacles –
6. Detecting the intrusion –
7. Informing the crew –
8. Alerting the locals of the impending eruption –
9. Capturing the footage –
10. Researching the surface of the volcano summit –
Model: The crew that was trained at the camp completed the mission successfully. – The crew trained at the camp completed the mission successfully.
1. The photographs, which were taken during the flight, were very useful for the research. 2. They found the second summit vent while they were flying the drone over the volcano. 3. Because it is spherical, the shape of the drone allows it to hit objects without breaking. 4. After the officer had zoomed in, he was able to dissect the mad on the screen. 5. The drone flew around the tree and pitched down. 6. The equipment that had been put onboard was all functional and could be operated easily. 7. They had attached three thermal cameras and so they were able to observe the volcanic activity. 8. While the police monitored the traffic, they registered a couple of accidents. 9. The drone was designed to work in disaster-stricken areas, so it is shock-proof. 10. The pilots used the angle attack indicator and marked their targets.
Model: The pilot made up his mind and was determined to mount more cameras and additional sensors on the drone (couldn’t help …). – The pilot couldn’t help mounting more cameras and additional sensors on the drone.
1. The engineers plan to customize the drones (to think of …). 2. The volcanologists are making eruptions forecasts (to be busy). 3. The investors found automated flights very attractive (to be very interested in…). 4. What good is it to equip the unmanned vehicle with a bunch of cameras and sensors? (what's the use of…) 5. It irritates me so much when people distract me! (I can't stand...) 6. It was difficult for him to capture high-flying footage (to have difficulty in…). 7. It is his responsibility to make sure that the data is properly collected and analyzed (to be responsible for…) 8. It took the team four days to collect samples of the ash (to spend). 9. It was dangerous to use the drones for locating the survivors under the debris (to risk). 10. One of her habits was to always test out hypotheses (to be used to…). 11. I wish I hadn't provided them with the necessary information (to regret). 12. They said they had never flown combat missions before (to deny). 13. The cockpit is ruined, it must be fixed immediately (to need). 14. They fight and at the same time never set foot in enemy territory (without).
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1. Major Matt spent years as a fighter pilot before taking his place in a Predator … on the ground.
a. board c. frame
b. cockpit d. camera
2. Next to the pilot sits the sensor operator, he doesn't operate the actual drone, but … the cameras and the radars.
a. analyses c. measures
b. attaches d. steers
3. Traditionally the names of crew members are emblazoned on their aircraft, but like the officers' name tags, their … will remain hidden.
a. potential targets c. identities
b. weapons d. indicators
4. Multi-spectral targeting system allows us to see the ground, so it's a bunch of different cameras that can … pretty far.
a. zoom in c. pitch down
b. equip d. pitch up
5. This drone can be cheaply made, providing an inexpensive and potentially … tool in search and rescue operations.
a. capable c. invaluable
b. independent d. intended
6. The drone has a motor in the center … by a flexible geodesic sphere.
a. encountered c. maintained
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b. surrounded d. disaster-stricken
7. Initial analysis of the sensor and flight data tells us that we will be able to automatically identify when we are … volcanic emissions.
a. up to c. in for
b. underneath d. into
8. The initial flights didn’t provide the scientists with any useful information, but merely served as a … .
a. line-of-sight c. low-level activity
b. proof-of-concept d. co-founder
9. The aircrafts may be remotely controlled or can fly … through software-controlled flight plans.
a. initially c. autonomously
b. controversially d. particularly
10. The summit vent however is extremely difficult to … .
a. access c. attach
b. elevate d. provide
1. Будучи недорогим и неоценимо полезным инструментом в поисковых и спасательных операциях, дроны становятся очень популярны. 2. Исследователи, использующие новейшие дроны, оснащенные тепловыми камерами, собирают невероятные данные с глубин океанов и с вершин гор. 3. Пилот сохранил высоту полета и избежал столкновения со зданием. 4. Мотор, защищенный гибкой шарообразной рамой, может выдерживать столкновения с препятствиями. 5. Оставаться в воздухе сутки не так сложно для современных военных беспилотных аппаратов. 6. Вместо того чтобы измерить скорость вращения винта, они проверили работу двигателя. 7. Перед тем, как запустить дрон на соревновании, он прикрепил к нему несколько камер для съемки происходящего. 8. Они провели целый день, устанавливая причину поломки центрального процессора. 9. Анализируя данные, собранные дроном, ученым удалось сделать прогноз относительно приближающегося извержения вулкана. 10. Только после включения сенсоров, анализирующих образцы газа, удалось обнаружить углекислый газ в выбросах из жерла вулкана.
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GRAMMAR REFERENCE
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ACTIVE VOICE
We use the active form to say what the subject does.
For example:
I speak English every day at work.
Present continuous
The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking.
Who is Bob talking to on the phone?
I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly
In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term.
I'm looking for a new separate apartment.
He's thinking about leaving his job.
They're considering making an appeal against the judgment.
In these examples, the action is at a definite point in the future and it has already been arranged.
I'm meeting him at 7.30;
They aren't arriving until Sunday.
We are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for all the senior managers.
Isn't she coming to the dinner?
Present simple
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We use the present simple to talk about actions we see as long term or permanent. It is a very common tense. Here, we are talking about regular actions or events.
They drive to the office every day.
He doesn't come here every day.
The news usually starts at 8.00 PM.
Do you usually have porridge and eggs for breakfast?
Here, we are talking about facts.
Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F.
What does his dead-pan expression mean?
Here, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.
Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year.
The plane leaves at 6.00 tomorrow morning.
The working day doesn't start at 5.00.
Here, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Although these feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.
They don't ever agree with us.
I think you are right. He doesn't want you to do it.
Present simple or continuous
The Present Simple is used for:
regular actions or events - He plays football most weekends.
facts - The sun rises in the east.
facts known about the future - We leave at 8.30 next Monday.
thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking - I don't feel very well.
The Present Continuous is used for:
the time of speaking ('now') - Shh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying .
things which are true at the moment but not always -We're looking for a new flat.
The present plans for the future - We're having dinner with them next week .
Look at these examples:
I don't usually have bacon for breakfast but I'm having some this morning
because there is nothing else.
I often cycle to work but I'm taking the taxi this morning
because it's raining very hard.
I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but
I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.
My parents live in Moscow but I'm just visiting.
Note how, in all these examples, we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.
Past simple
We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.
We can use it to talk about a specific point in time.
She came back last Monday.
I saw them in the street.
It can also be used to talk about a period of time.
She lived in London for five years.
They were in New York from Monday to Thursday of last week.
When I was living in St. Petersburg, I went to all the art exhibitions I could.
You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these:
Yesterday ● three weeks ago ● last year ● in 2009
● from May to July● for a long time● for 7 weeks
Past continuous
We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past. We can use it to talk about a specific point in time. We use the past continuous to talk about past events which went on for a period of time.
We use it when we want to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we just want to talk about the past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)
Were you expecting any visitors?
Sorry, were you having a rest?
I was just making some coffee.
I was thinking about him last night.
In the 1990s few people were using mobile phones.
We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.
I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw him
She was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.
They were still waiting for the bus when I spoke to them.
We were just talking about it before they arrived.
I was making a presentation in front of 100 people when the microphone stopped working.
Past simple or continuous
Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completed actions in the past.
Most of the time when we are talking about such actions, we use the past simple. This is by far the most common way of talking about the past.
I lived there for 8 years.
I only found out a few moments ago.
I asked him but he didn't know anything.
Only use the past continuous when you want to emphasize the continuity of the action.
Everybody was talking about it all day.
We were really trying hard but couldn't do it.
When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the "background action" and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action.
It was raining hard when we left the building.
I was reading the book when you rang.
Present perfect
We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.
We can use it to look back on the recent past:
I've broken my phone so I don't know what time it is.
We have cancelled the meeting.
He's taken my project. I don't have one.
When we look back on the recent past, we often use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and questions only).
They've already talked about that.
She hasn't arrived yet.
We've just done it.
We don't know yet.
Have they spoken to him yet?
It can also be used to look back on the more distant past.
We've been to Novgorod a lot over the last few years.
She's done this type of project many times before.
When we look back on the more distant past, we often use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.
Have you ever been to France?
Has he ever talked to you about the trouble?
I've never met Jim and Sally.
We've never considered investing in Pakistan.
Present perfect continuous
This tense is used to talk about an action or actions that started in the past and continued until recently or that continue into the future:
We can use it to refer to an action that has finished but you can still see evidence.
Oh, the kitchen is a mess. Who has been cooking?
You look tired. Have you been sleeping properly?
It can refer to an action that has not finished.
I've been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn't arrived
It can refer to a series of actions.
She's been writing to her regularly for a couple of years.
The university has been sending students here for over ten years to do work experience.
The resent perfect continuous is often used with 'since', 'for', 'all week', 'for days', 'lately', 'recently', 'over the last few months'.
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