Match each pair of phrases (1-8) from Exercise 3 to their correct function (a-f) below. Note that one of the functions may be expressed with three different pairs of phrases.
a. Give instructions for asking questions b. Greet the audience.
с. Introduce the topic of the presentation d. Introduce yourself
e. Outline the structure of the presentation. f. Thank the audience for coming.
Think of a piece of research you have done recently. Use the words and phrases in Exercise 3 to help you plan the introduction to a presentation about your research.
Below are five extracts from the main part of Milan's presentation. Match the beginnings (1-5) to the endings (a-e).
| 1. A number of potential vaccine types have been developed and | a. counting IFN-γ secreting cells has been the preferred method to date. |
| 2. As I have already said, | b. using flow cytometry to detect MIG secretion gives us a more accurate way of measuring immune responses. |
| 3. As you can see from this image, | с. I will be returning to those shortly. |
| 4. Let's begin by looking at the size of the malaria problem. | d. Malaria kills over one million people every year in 109 countries. |
| 5. That's all I have to say about the vaccine itself, | e. so now I'd like to move on to looking at judging the response of the immune system to the vaccine. |
The underlined phrases in Exercise 6 help speakers to organise their presentation clearly and guide listeners through the information. Write the correct underlined phrase to complete the advice below.
Use:
a. ______________________ : to introduce a new part of the talk
b. ______________________ : to conclude one part of the talk and then
begin another
с. ______________________ : to refer back to an earlier part of the talk
d. ______________________ : to refer forward to a later part of the talk
e. ______________________ : to refer to a visual aid
Read the text below. Why are signposts important?
HOW DO SIGNPOSTS WORK?
Signposting helps you structure and shape the main content of your presentation. Signposts create ‘verbal paragraphs’ or 'verbal signals’ and raise the attention curve at the beginning and end of each point of your presentation. The technique allows you to guide the audience through the structure of your presentation linking one point to the next. The audience can’t see your notes and can’t look forward to see what is coming. You know where you’re going on your journey and you need to guide your audience by telling them exactly where you are on the roadmap of your presentation. This is a simple but highly effective technique that adds clarity to your presentations.
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Phrases 1-22 below are examples of signposts. Read them and check any vocabulary you don’t know.
| 1 | Moving on now to ... | 10 | So, we’ve looked at ... |
| 2 | I would like to begin by ... | 11 | That completes my overview of |
| 3 | Let’s now turn to ... | 12 | Let’s just recap ... |
| 4 | Let’s start with my presentation. | 13 | So, that’s pretty much ... |
| 5 | So, first of all ... | 14 | And finally ... |
| 6 | Now, turning to ... | 15 | Next we come to ... |
| 7 | Now, what about... ? | 16 | So, that was ... |
| 8 | Let me move on to ... | 17 | My next point is ... |
| 9 | So, that’s the general picture for ... | 18 | That’s all I want to say about ... |
Milan has come to the end of his presentation. In pairs, look at the list (a-e) and decide on the best order for him to do these things. Then listen and check your answers (Recording 2.4).
a. □ let the audience know his presentation has finished
b. □ offer the audience the chance to ask questions about his presentation
с. □ reach a conclusion based on his research
d. □ summarise the main points of his talk
e. □ thank the audience for listening to him
Listen to the end of the presentation again (Recording 2.4) and complete the following phrases using between one and three words in each space.
1. _______________ recap what I’ve said.
2. I therefore ___________ that...
3. That ___________to the end of my talk today.
4. I would like to thank you for __________ attentive audience.
5. I would be happy to ___________ you may have.
13. Read the text about the ‘finish’ of a presentation and answer the questions below.
MAKE YOUR FINAL MESSAGE CLEAR
Stay in control until the very last second and follow
these steps at the ‘finish’ of your presentation.
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Firstly, pause briefly and signal clearly that you are now
ready to finish the presentation. The audience will start
to listen again closely at this point.
Then, make your summary, giving a brief overview of what has already been said. The summary is a reflection of your ‘what’ and looks back. It should not be too long as you will lose your audience’s attention again, but detailed enough to cover your points. This can be a difficult balance to achieve!
A good summary gives your listeners time to reflect on the content and builds up to your conclusion, making your conclusion stronger, more powerful and more effective. A conclusion without a summary can sound incomplete as your audience may not have listened to every point during the main part of the presentation and the purpose can be lost. Avoid giving any conclusions while you are making your summary.
After this, give your conclusion. This is a reflection of your ‘why’ and looks forward to what you want people to do or think after your presentation. It should follow logically from your summary. There are different kinds of conclusions: you can make a call for action, make a recommendation or assure your audience that they’re better informed. This is the destination of your journey and the most important part of your presentation.
Finally, make your closing remarks by thanking your audience, asking for questions or passing round your presentation handouts.
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