How to Run a Construction Company
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Санкт-Петербургский государственный
Архитектурно-строительный университет
Кафедра иностранных языков
Задание № 120
Краткий курс делового английского языка для студентов специальностей 061000 – менеджмент в строительстве,
060800 - экономика и управление на предприятии строительства I - V курса ФБФО (вечернего и заочного отделения)
Санкт-Петербург
2009
Задание №120
Задание № 120: Краткий курс делового английского языка для студентов специальностей 061000 – менеджмент в строительстве, 060800 - экономика и управление на предприятии строительства I - V курса ФБФО (вечернего и заочного отделения)/ СПбгос.архит.-строит.ун-т – СПбб2009, - стр.
Составитель: ст. преп. кафедры ин. яз. СПбГАСУ Т.В.Лаппо
Рецензент: канд.филол.наук, доцент Т.Б.Воеводская
Санкт-Петербургский государственный
архитектурно-строительный университет, 2009
Задание №120
Задание № 120: Краткий курс делового английского языка для студентов специальностей 061000 – менеджмент в строительстве, 060800 - экономика и управление на предприятии строительства I - V курса ФБФО (вечернего и заочного отделения)/ СПбгос.архит.-строит.ун-т – СПбб2009, - стр.
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Составитель: ст. преп. кафедры ин. яз. СПбГАСУ Т.В.Лаппо
Компъютерная верстка И.А.Яблоковой
Введение
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся специальностям ЭУП и МО на вечернем и заочном отделении ФБФО.
Студенты, которые изучают в российских вузах иностранный язык с целью овладения навыками письменного перевода текстов общего характера, как правило, не могут общаться на изучаемом языке в своей профессиональной сфере, что отрицательно сказывается на показателях работы фирмы и её имидже на международном уровне. Целью данного курса является в какой-то мере компенсировать этот недостаток и предоставить молодым людям возможность овладеть навыками устного и письменного общения в избранной ими профессиональной сфере – в экономике и управлении на предприятиях строительства и менеджменте строительных организаций.
Так как автор ограничен форматом краткого учебного пособия, будут представлены лишь те темы, которые представляются наиболее актуальными для успешного профессионального общения.
Пособие состоит из нескольких разделов, учебный материал каждого раздела включает повторение какого-либо раздела грамматики. Лексический материал состоит из текстов, подобранных в соответствии с основной темой урока и составленных на основе статей из британских периодических изданий (the Economist, the Main, the Guardian, the New Stateman, etc.), а также грамматических и лексических упражнений для закрепления пройденного материала. В пособии представлен раздел дополнительного чтения (Additional Reading Material), который преподаватель может использовать для перевода в классе и дополнительной работы по закреплению лексического материала каждого раздела, краткий справочный материал (Reference Material), который содержит дополнительную информацию по поводу некоторых слов, словосочетаний и аббревиатур, а также краткий англо-русский словарь (English-Russian Dictionary), в который вошли необходимые для запоминания и активного использования слова и словосочетания из контекста бизнеса.
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Contents
Unit 1
Lexical Topic: Companies
Grammar: Revision of Present Tenses; Active Voice and Passive Voice; modal verbs.
Text A Company Profile
Text B How to Run a Construction Company
Additional Reading Material:
Text C Some Information about Companies
Unit 2
Lexical Topic: Writing a Biography
Grammar: Revision of Past Tenses; Active Voice and Passive Voice
Text A How to write a Business Bio
Text B Sample Professionals` Bios
Additional Reading Material:
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Text C Short Biography of Adam Smith
Text D Short Biography of John Maynard Keynes
Text E Additional Sample Professionals` Bios
Unit 3
Lexical Topic: Recruitment
Grammar theme: Non-finite verbs in the predicate (“verb +infinitive” structures)
Text A Preparing for an Interview
Text B Résumé
Text C Professionals` Resume Templates
Text D Cover Letters
Additional Reading Material:
Text E Some More Professionals` Resume Templates
Text F Some More Job Advertisements
Text G Tricky Questions
Unit 4
Lexical Topic: Negotiations
Grammar: Modal verbs of obligation - should (do), ought (to do); Conditional sentences
Text A Negotiation
Text B Difficult Negotiations in Construction Industry
Additional Reading Material:
Text C The Language of Negotiations
Text D International Negotiations
Unit 5
Lexical Topic: Presentations
Grammar: Gerund and Infinitive
Text A Presentations for Business
Text B Extract from a Company Performance Presentation
Additional Reading Material:
Text C Prerequisites for Being a Financial Manager
Unit 6
Lexical Topic: Business Communications
Grammar: Participles
Text A Business Communications
Text B Business Correspondence
Additional Reading Material:
Text C Information Overload and Advantages of E-mail
Unit 7
Lexical Topic: Business Calls
Grammar: Phrasal Verbs; Indirect Speech (Sequence of Tenses); Revision of Tenses
Text A Business Calls
Text B Phrasal Verbs in Business
Additional Reading Material:
Text C A Few Tips about Making Business Calls
Text D Telephone Manners
Text E Some More Phrasal Verbs
Reference Material
Word List
Additional Reading Material
English – Russian Vocabulary
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Unit 1
Text A
Company Profile
RZDstroy is a leading transport infrastructure construction company and one of Russia ’s top five companies in terms of sales of construction services.
The company was set up by spin-off of Russian Railways’ construction subsidiaries in early 2006. Its fully-integrated structure includes business units specializing in production of building materials and units that carry out the full cycle of construction and installation works required for maintenance and development of the national railway infrastructure. Despite the severe weather conditions, our employees build railways that become a crucial factor for the development of entire regions and industries. Although RZDstroy has not yet become the world leader, it is a nationwide building and industrial contractor. We have set up operations in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, from Kaliningrad to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and we are strengthening our presence in many other regions where we have already started operating.
The head office of the company is in Moscow. Its 18 construction subsidiaries act as project management centers and are located all over the Russian Railways (RZD) network. The company`s main sector of business is manufacturing products for railway, road, and civil construction applications. Today we are carrying out a great deal of projects, many of which have a high degree of complexity. The сompany is strongly involved in the implementation of the national “Railway Transport Development Strategy for the Period until 2030”. As the Russian railway industry is continually growing, the state’s requirements to construction get increasingly stringent every year and do not merely match but often surpass the standards set by large businesses. Our track record in implementation of national-scale projects guarantees the high quality of work and we are proud of our financial performance. Moreover, RZDstroy is expanding the range of its operations. Now our company has become a truly multi-discipline building company. With the potential accumulated in railway construction, we are ideally positioned to implement successful projects in related sectors. We have a vast experience in industrial and civil construction projects such as railway terminals, sheds, residential and administrative buildings, and sports facilities.
RZDstroy’s strategic objective is to increase its competitive strength in the global transport construction market. In order to achieve this goal, the Company focuses on developing of in-house capacities for dedicated activities that require a high qualification and improving the quality of management of high-complexity large-scale railway infrastructure projects.
Exercises
I. Translate the text. Match the words and word groups from the first column with their translation from the second column:
| to be set up | Специализироваться |
| to strengthen the presence | Главная контора (фирмы) |
| to increase its competitive strength | Стратегические цели |
| maintenance | Обширный опыт |
| the range of its operations | Основной сектор бизнес |
| strategic objective | Увеличить свою конкурентоспособность |
| to specialize in | Устанавливаться, учреждаться |
| to expand | Выполнять проект |
| industrial and civil construction projects | Многопрофильная компания |
| contractor | Усиливать (свое) присутствие |
| main sector of business | Сфера своей деятельности а |
| vast experience | Техобслуживание и ремонт |
| multi-discipline building company | Многопрофильная компания Проекты промышленного и гражданского строительства |
| subsidiaries | Дочерние компании |
| head office | Подрядчик |
| to carry out a project | Расширяться |
II. Find the following items in the text:
· Two sentences with the predicate in the Present Simple Tense
· Two sentences with the predicate in the Present Continuous Tense
· Two sentences with the predicate in the Present Perfect Tense
· At least 10 noun groups
III. Make up 10 questions to the text
IV. Represent the main idea of the text in ten preferably short sentences
Text B
How to Run a Construction Company
There are three separate entities that a construction company has to satisfy in order to remain in business for an extended period of time. Licensing by the state, county and city can be the first hurdle the construction company must conquer. There is a licensing test that must be taken and passed in order to get the license to operate. When this is acquired, the insurance (that most clients will demand that you have) can be obtained to cover the *job liability. Having the license will also allow *bidding on jobs and doing subcontracting work.
* Subcontracting work is the second entity that needs to be satisfied. A general contractor on a project will contract work to qualified businesses based on licensing, reputation and price. The better the general contractor, the better the jobs that can be found this way. Solid general contractors are better to work for as their checks should be delivered on time and will clear the bank. If you are new to the contracting business, make sure you ask around about any general contractor you are thinking of working for or with. Some big companies have lousy pay practices and can put a small contractor in a world of hurt very quickly.
The third entity to satisfy is the final customer. Some contractors will only work for the final customer as these are the payers for the job, and the terms can be ironed out, completed and the check will be paid. There is no middleman in the way, like there can be with a general contractor.
Solid construction companies with excellent reputations have people working for them that are very good at what they do, are great with the customer and finish the job as agreed or earlier. If they are well treated by the owner of the business, they will always go the extra mile for the boss. Respect and trust are a two way street. Good employees demand it and employers should make sure it is part of the operating plan of the business. If you lose your quality people, you will suffer on the job and could end up out of business. Some owners just cannot seem to get this idea through their thick head. But the proof is just watch the construction companies with good reputations and see how their people act on the job. They are *pros and do the work with skill and expertise. There is an obvious respect between the owner and his people. Pay is only part of the answer. On site treatment of the employee is also an important element of the job. Mutual respect and trust are a big part of why some companies always have a list of people who want to work for them.
If there is a problem, it should be settled in private. Public dressing down is very poor management by the owner. Nobody ought to be embarrassed on the job. On the other hand public recognition of a job well done will never be frowned on if the owner is sincere in the praise. Skilled, smart employees can make a company stand out and poor employees can quickly ruin a company with the people who hire. This one element of a construction company should be constantly handled in a professional manner and certainly not like a plantation owner. Hiring experience is never cheap and training new employees has its own cost. Successful companies have come to the conclusion that a mix of both gives the best result. In any hiring agreement, make sure there is a trial period stated. This lets both parties know that there is a probation period that must be completed.
If a job is up for bid, that sounds like it is right up your alley. You should make sure all the job details are clear and any questions you have are answered before committing your company. Let the bid sit for a few hours or days if you can and then look at it again with fresh eyes. If there are obvious contingencies, make sure they are noted as part of the bid. Do not assume that something is understood as common practice. This can get a construction company in financial difficulty very quickly. If there are time constraints, make sure that the contract states how the scheduling is to be handled and how it will be agreed upon. Scheduling problems may escalate in a construction job and throw all kinds of plans and money up in the air. If there is a dispute, the way it will be resolved should be included in the bid. Cover the possibility of rising material costs in the bid. Commodity prices might soar over night and could have a very serious effect on your cost for the job. Construction firms have been damaged when copper prices or fuel prices suddenly go crazy.
Make sure your phone calls are answered in a friendly and professional way. When a possible customer calls in to your business, how they are treated on the phone will make an impression. Poor phone technique can leave a bad impression. Let the staff and those who answer the phone know explicitly how you want the phone answered and then test it yourself to see if it is being put into effect. Quality staff work is another sign of a well-run business. Details are the nuts and bolts. These should be handled efficiently and with accuracy. Once a good staff is put in place, the business should seem to run on its own.
Constructions companies can be moneymakers and financial disasters. Running a construction company takes planning and careful attention to detail by all involved in bidding a job. Bad bids cost money that could kill the profit for a year or more. The money in any bid is in the details. The secret is to understand the terms of the bid and make sure that is exactly what you are quoting on. Special considerations should be noted and specifically agreed to before accepting a contract. If there are time constraints or time penalties for the job, make sure you know the details of who sets the constraints and what will happen if there are situations that cannot be foreseen. Scheduling delays are the biggest danger here and who sets the schedule must be spelled out. Your contract should set the time needed to do your job if the job site is ready.
NB: *job liability
You can find the meaning of all the words and word groups marked with the symbol ( *) in the Reference Material section.
Exercises
I. Translate the text. Match the words and word groups from the first column with their translation from the second column:
II. Find the following items in the text:
· Modal verbs expressing probability
· Modal verbs expressing obligation
· Modal verbs expressing advice and disapproval
· Comparative structure “the …………the”
III. Make up 10 questions to the text.
IV. Represent the main idea of the text in:
2 preferably short sentences;
10 preferably short sentences
V. A company “produces products and provides services”. Make sentences for the companies. Look at the example:
Sony (A) produces(B) electronic equipment (C).
Golden Telecom (A) provides (B)long-distance calls (C).
| ( A) Sony Golden Telecom Toyota Vimpel Communications Severstal Russia Karstadt Quelle Microsoft United Aircraft Building Corporation Inteco Toshiba corporarion Sberbank of Russia | (B) provides / produces | (C) materials(steel) retailing banking services electronic equipment construction services automobiles aircraft telecommunications services long-distance calls software and services Infrastructure, consumer products, and electronic devices and components mobile telecommunications services |
VI. Tell about the company you work for using the words and word groups from Unit 1. The representation should contain no less than 50 sentences.
Unit 2
Text A
Read and translate the following tips as how to write a short business biography:
How to Write a Business Bio
Business biography is the precise description of your professional history, which informs others about your expertise, unique features of working with you and benefits of employing you. It's the intelligent response to some of the most frequently asked questions, "What do you do?" or "Tell me something about yourself".
A business biography makes people interested in your professional skills thereby eventually generating business. Making an effective business biography needs concentration and an objective assessment of your capabilities.
You should describe the field of your expertise and how you started in it. Follow it up with relevant skills and the unique features of your services that make you stand apart from competitors. Mention any awards or special recognition you might have received from clients or appropriate professional organizations. Make note of the most difficult situations you encountered professionally and the way you resolved it. Try to include information that will generate interest in readers, every one of whom is a potential client.
As a business owner, it will be extremely important for you to be able to confidently tell others about your life or the history of your company. Take some time to review, or draft, your personal/professional biography or a biography for your company. Your biography has one goal: to get more clients or customers. Marketing your skills and qualifications with effective wording will make your skills and accomplishments leap off the page and into the minds of your readers.
Unlike a résumé, which lists isolated facts, a business bio tells a story. A bio takes the form of a paragraph, or two or three, that portrays who you are and what you've done. It tosses completeness and chronology to the wind and includes only what is relevant to your story. Think of a business bio as the sort of blurb about you that might appear on the back inside flap of a book jacket, if you were an author. A bio should begin with an overview statement, which provides a big-picture summary of your unique combination of skills and experience. Then you furnish the most pertinent facts that round out the picture. The two abbreviated examples below should give you a clearer idea. Notice how they offer just enough detail to make claims believable and concrete.
· MaryAnn Gerhardt's twenty-two years of design experience encompass media ranging from print to outdoor signage to television. As the owner of Gerhardt Design, she works with clients to create, extend and change corporate identities. Trained in illustration at the New York Museum School, she has received no less than seventeen awards for client work, three gallery exhibitions and scores of mentions in national publications. Gerhardt lives and works in a Victorian mansion that she redesigned and that also serves as a showcase for her work.
· Harold Wen has been called "a lifesaver," "a miracle worker" and "a revival artist" for his ability to revive companies near death. His 37 years in finance, marketing and operations give him an unusually broad base of experience with which to diagnose and remedy a company's problems. Clients run the gamut from food processing firms and family farms to Fortune 100 conglomerates.
Exercises
I. Translate the text. Match the words and word groups from the first column with their translation from the second column:
II. Read the text again and answer the questions: 1. What is the major difference between a resume and a business bio? 2. What grammar tenses are used by the authors of the sample bios to show their accomplishments? 3. What grammar tense would you use if you wanted to tell about your school years or the place where you were born?
III. Think about the most important things that you would like to say about yourself so that it would enlarge your range of opportunities for doing business successfully. Make up no more than 4 – 5 sentences.
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IV. Choose the best tense in each case (Past Continuous, Past Simple or Past Perfect):
A large corporation had just hired a new CEO. As the old CEO was leaving, he discreetly presented his successor with three envelopes numbered one, two and three.
`If you have a problem you can`t solve, open the first of these,` he …….(tell) the new CEO.
Well, at first things went smoothly, but after six moths sales …(fall) by 10% and the shareholders were getting very impatient. The CEO …(begin) to despair, when he remembered the envelopes the old CEO …(give) him.
He went to his office, closed the door and opened the first envelope. The message read, `Try blaming your predecessor`. The new CEO … (call) a press conference and tactfully blamed the previous CEO for the company`s problems. The shareholders and the press were satisfied with explanations, and e few weeks later the CEO was relieved to see that the sale …(improve) by 12%.
About a year later, the company was having serious production problems. The CEO …(learn) from his previous experience: as soon as he …(close) his office door, he opened the second envelope. The message read, `You ought to reorganize.` he immediately reorganized production, and the company quickly recovered.
A year or two after that, costs … (rise) day by day and the company was in trouble again. The CEO went to his office, … (close) the door and opened the third envelope. The message read, `You might want to prepare three envelopes`.
V. Read the following business anecdote and determine the tense of the predicate in each sentence.
Peter Principle
In 1969, after being rejected by no fewer than twenty publishers, Professor Laurence Peter finally saw his first book roll off the presses and into the book stores. Within a year, the hard-bound version was being printed for the fifteenth time and the first pocketbook edition was on the way.
Ironically, the publishers who had rejected the book might have done well to study its contents. The book was an examination of the so-called Peter Principle: “In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence”.
VI. Ask questions to the underlined words or word groups (the number of questions is in the brackets) paying attention at the Active or Passive Voice used in the sentence.
Using the Internet helped him to reduce company costs. (1)
Mr. Brown was involved in industrial relations. (1)
Last year the situation in the food industry stabilized. (2)
A trainee sales representative was sent to Italy. (1)
In 1985 Simon Bell began his computer business at the University of Southhampton.(2)
John met the president yesterday. (1)
Twenty components to the new machinery were produced at our factory.(2)
Neil Armstrong landed on the surface of the Moon in 1969. (3)
The first fax machines had been installed in 1988, which was before her daughter was born(1)
They sent out invoices regularly. (1)
Prices had been raised by 1999. (1)
Yesterday a thief broke into our head office.(1)
Radium was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1902.(1)
Last month our company made enormous profits.(2)
The Annual Report was being discussed when we came. (2)
Text B
Sample Professionals` Bios
Read and translate the following professionals` bios and relevant information and make up a similar bio for yourself in the third person.
(1)
Michael Alin
Executive Director, American Society of Interior Designers
608 Massachusetts Avenue NE
Washington, D.C. 20002
Ph: 202-546.3480
Fax: 202.546.3240
malin@asid.org
Alin has served as ASID’s executive director since 1998. Before joining ASID, Alin spent more than 20 years in academic and museum continuing education. His previous work includes service as assistant vice president and director of the Center for Professional Development at the University of Maryland, University College; and director of Continuing Education at the Johns Hopkins University; and associate director of the Smithsonian Institution’s Resident Associate Program. He is a graduate of the Maxwell School of Syracuse University and served in the U.S. Navy.
(2)
Ray C. Anderson
Founder and Chairman
Interface, Inc.
100 Chastain Center Blvd., #165
Kennesaw, GA 30144
Ph: 770.420.6649
Fax: 707.499.2471
Ray.anderson@US.interfaceinc.com
Anderson has embarked on a mission to make Interface a sustainable corporation by leading a world-wide effort to pioneer the processes of sustainable development. Named one of America’s “100 Best Companies to Work For,” in 1997 and 1998 by Fortune magazine, Interface is a global organization with sales in 110 countries and manufacturing facilities on four continents. Anderson’s awards include: the Millennium Award from Global Green (presented by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1996); Ernst & Young’s Entrepreneur of the Year for the Southeast region. He was named co-chairman of the President’s Council on Sustainable Development in 1997. He was the first corporate CEO to be honored with the George and Cynthia Mitchell International Prize for Sustainable Development. Anderson is a graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology.
(3)
Penny S. Bonda
Director, Environmental Communications
EnvironDesign Works
800 25th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
Ph: 202.669.8632
Fax: 202.625.2181
pbonda@verizon.net
As a practicing interior designer with 27 years experience, Bonda has headed her own firm and worked for Rita St. Clair Associates, the Hillier Group and Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann. EnvironDesign Works is producer of Green@Work magazines and is in charge of the annual environmental design conference for the building and business communities. In 1996, she served as national president for ASID. As an interior designer, Bonda worked for an impressive array of clients from a variety of market sectors including government, corporate, health care and hospitality. Many projects have won design awards and have been featured in national design publications. She is a graduate of the American University in Washington, D.C.
(4)
Ben Crawford, AIA
Pickard Chilton
980 Chapel Street
New Haven, CT 06510
Ph: 203.786.8600
Fax: 203.786.8610
bcrawford@pickardchilton.com
Crawford is a designer and architect with a variety of project experience. He began his career with FKP Architects of Houston as a project designer on major healthcare projects including the Ambulatory Care Clinic Building of the Texas Children’s Hospital and the renovation of the 1927 Chemistry building at Rice University, to create modern laboratory and classroom space.
In 2001, Crawford moved to Pickard Chilton, where he leads design teams on corporate office projects including Potomac Yard, a 1.05-million sf development in Arlington, Va.; and the State of Minnesota Departments of Agriculture & Health Office building. He is a 1991 graduate of Rice University.
Unit 3
Text A
Preparing for an Interview
You are likely to participate in many kinds of interview in your working life both as interviewerand interviewee. Let us focus on your role as a job applicant. The expectations of employers vary a great deal and you should always seek the best advice before attending an interview.
There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panelinterviews where one or more candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers and even `deep-end` interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope with actual business situations. The atmosphere at an interview may vary from the informal to the formal and interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach. Different interviewers use different techniques and the only rules that that applicants should be aware of may be `Expect the unexpected !` and `Be yourself !`
Your role in an interview will determine what you will try to do during the interview and the kind of language you will use. Interviewer and interviewee may share a common purpose, but they may also have specific goals. In a job interview, both interviewer and interviewee sharethe purpose of finding out if the candidate and the job are well matched. But the interviewer will be looking for the best candidate, whereas the interviewee will be trying to show that he or she is the best person for the job. Whether you are an interviewer or interviewee, begin by thinking about your own goals and the goals of the person opposite you.
In order to be a successful interviewee, you need to know what the interviewer is looking for. Selection criteria vary from job to job and from employer to employer. To prepare for an interview, you should therefore do as much research as you can and try to work out what kind of person the employer will be looking for.Brainstorming questions that are likely to come up in an interview will help you put on a better performance. Remember that the employer wants to know if you are the best candidate for the job. The question underlying every other question is: "Why should we hire you?" General questions are designed to find out about your personality and attitude to work. Job specific questions are supposed to assess your suitability for the job.
You should remember that you are expected to have a fairly good knowledge of : what the company does, what you are going to be expected to do, and who you are going to report to. In case an applicant does not give an impression of understanding these three items, then obviously he or she will get marked down accordingly. Many employers ask questions based on your resume. They may appear to structure the questions on your report of work experience, education and extra-curricular activities, or their criteria for the job. Either way, both factors play a part and you need to consider both as you prepare for your interviews. Some questions seem simple but are actually designed to give you an opportunity to show yourself in a positive light. Avoid giving short, obvious answers and take the opportunity to talk. Make sure that your answer is relevant, interesting and allows you to show off your strengths. Your answers should not sound like they have been prepared in advance and should be delivered naturally and convincingly. Sometimes (actually, rather often) interviewers like to put in some tricky questions. Basically it is done to draw the applicant out, to see what kind of character he is.
During interviews, candidates sometimes come across situations where they are lost for words. So, apart from anticipating general and job-specific questions, you need to develop strategies for handling difficult or unexpected questions. At the end of an interview, the interviewer usually invites the interviewee to ask some questions. Prepare some questions appropriate to the post. This is not the best time to clarify queries about the job requirements and salary, which can be done later if you are actually offered the job. Ask questions politely and do not seem critical of the company or the job. If you cannot think of a question, or your prepared questions have already been answered, just decline to ask questions politely.
Exercises
I. Translate the text. Match the words and word groups from the first column with their translation from the second column:
| Tricky questions Employer panel interview `deep-end` interview interviewer interviewee share the purpose relevant selection criteria hostile approach be well matched attitude to work employer to report to applicant get marked down to show off your strengths to draw the applicant out | проходящий интервью быть отмеченным как не прошедший собеседование; враждебный подход; вывести кандидата из себя; групповое интервью; интервью «с погружением» проводящий интервью кандидат, претендент на рабочее место; коварные вопросы; критерии отбора; опрашиваемый кандидат отношение к работе; подчиняться кому-л. (по работе); показать себя в выгодном свете; проводящий интервью работодатель; разделять общую цель уместный, относящийся к делу; хорошо подходить друг другу |
III. Find the following items in the text, write out sentences containing them and translate into Russian:
· verb + infinitive
· verb + pronoun + infinitive
· verb + passive infinitive
· modal verb + infinitive
· verb in the passive voice + infinitive (“to be supposed + infinitive”, “to be expected + infinitive”)
· structure “to be likely + infinitive”,
III. Make up 10 questions to the text.
IV. Represent the main idea of the text in ten preferably short sentences (in the written form)
V. Make up a monologue on the topic: “How to prepare for the interview”.
VI. You will want to ask questions at the interview. Think it over how to formulate questions in the appropriate way about the following:
· the job itself
· training
· prospects
· further education
· conditions
· salary
IX. Prepare a dialogue with a partner on the topic: “At the Interview”.
When you are asked a question, comment on it first. This will give you time to think. Below are some useful expressions to help you to do it. Practice them in a dialogue with a partner.
- That's a very interesting question.
- I'm glad you've asked that question.
- A good question.
- I'm sorry but I don't have that information to hand.
- I'm afraid I can't answer that.
- I'm not in a position to comment on that.
- As I said earlier, …
- I think I answered that when I said …
- I did mention that.
- I don't see the connection.
- I'm sorry, I don’t follow you.
- I think that is a very different issue.
Text B
Résumé
When a company needs to recruit new people, it may decide to advertise the job in the appointments section of a newspaper. People who are interested can then apply for the job by sending a letter of application or cover letter and a résumé or CV (curriculum vitae) containing information about them: their education, background and relevant job experience.
The résumé or CV is typically the first item that a potential employer encounters regarding the job seeker and is typically used to screen applicants, often followed by an interview, when seeking employment.
In many contexts, a résumé or CV is short (usually one page), and therefore contains only experience directly relevant to a particular position. At present, however, since increasing numbers of job seekers and employers are using Internet-based job search engines to find and fill employment positions, longer résumés/CVs are needed for applicants to differentiate and distinguish themselves, and employers are becoming more accepting of résumés that are longer than two pages. The transmission of résumés/CVs directly to employers became increasingly popular as late as 2002. Jobseekers were able to circumvent the job application process and reach employers through direct email contact and résumé blasting, a term meaning the mass distribution of résumés/CVs to increase personal visibility within the job market.
However the mass distribution of résumés/CVs to employers often can have a negative effect on the applicant's chances of securing employment as the résumés/CVs tend not to be tailored for the specific positions the applicant is applying for. It is usually therefore more sensible to adjust the résumé/CV for each position applied for. The complexity and simplicity of various résumé/CV formats tend to produce results varying from person to person, for the occupation, and to the industry.
There exist several formats of résumés, one of the most common being a chronological résumé. It enumerates a candidate's job experiences in reverse chronological order, generally covering the last 10 to 15 years. In using this format, the main body of the document becomes the Professional Experience section, starting from the most recent experience going chronologically backwards through a succession of previous experience. The chronological résumé works to build credibility through experience gained, while illustrating career growth over time. Also well known is a functional résumé whichlists work experience and skills sorted by skill area or job function. The functional résumé is used to assert a focus to skills that are specific to the type of position being sought. This format directly emphasizes specific professional capabilities and utilizes experience summaries as its primary means of communicating professional competency. A functional résumé is also preferred for applications to jobs that require a very specific skill set or clearly defined personality traits. Sometimes you may come across a combination résumé which balances the functional and chronological approaches. A résumé organized this way typically leads with a functional list of job skills, followed by a chronological list of employers. The combination résumé has a tendency to repeat itself and is therefore less widely utilized than the other two forms.
The Internet has brought about a new age for the résumé. As the search for employment has become more electronic, résumés have followed suit. It is common for employers to only accept résumés electronically, either out of practicality or preference. This electronic boom has changed much about the way résumés are written, read, and handled. Job seekers must choose a file format in which to maintain their résumé. Many employers, especially recruitment agencies on their behalf, insist on receiving résumés only as Microsoft Word documents. Others will only accept résumés formatted in HTML, PDF, etc.
However, including an e-mail address in an online résumé may expose the job seeker to spam. Internet résumés differ from conventional résumés in that they are comprehensive and allow for self-reflection. Unlike regular 2 page résumés, which only show recent work experience and education, Internet résumés also show an individual's skill development over his or her career. Online résumé distribution services have emerged to allow job seekers to distribute their résumés to employers of their choices via email. Finally, the internet is enabling new technologies to be employed with résumés, such as video résumés--especially popular for multimedia job seekers. Another emerging technology is graphic-enabled résumés, such as Visual CV.
Exercises
I. Read the text once again and match the words and word groups from the first column with their translation from the second column:
| apply for the job; letter of application or cover letter; background; job experience; potential employer; job seeker; to screen applicants; interview; relevant to; position; Internet-based job search engines; Applicants; circumvent the job application process; résumé blasting; securing employment; to be tailored for; chronological résumé; functional résumé; combination résumé; job skills; followed suit; file format; recruitment agencies; résumés formatted in HTML, PDF, etc.; expose the job seeker to spam; to distribute. | агентства по трудоустройству; быть приспособленным к чему-л.; взяли (с него) пример; должность; массовое распределение (в сети) своего резюме; обеспечение трудоустройства; обратиться ( в фирму) по поводу трудоустройства; основанные на Интернете поисковые машины работы; относящийся (имеющий отношение); письмо-заявка или сопроводительное письмо; подвергнуть ищущего работу опасности появления спама в его ПК; потенциальный работодатель; претенденты на рабочее место; просеивать(производить отбор) претендентов; рабочие навыки; рабочий опыт; распределять. резюме смешанного типа; резюме, отформатированные в HTML, PDF, и т.д.; собеседование, интервью; факты биографии; формат файла; функциональное резюме; хронологическое резюме; хеловек, ищущий работу; |
Text C
Professionals` Resume Templates
The following resume templates list the information you need to include into your resume. Translate them into Russian. Study their arrangement and use them to generate a list of information to include into your resume, then compile the details from the resume templates to format your resume into a customized resume to send to employers.
There are two more resume templates that you can find in the Additional Reading Material.
Economist Resume Template
Mary K. Smith
1234 Center Street
Dallas, TX 75000
Home: 214-555-5555
Cell: 214-555-5556
Email: mksmith@frontfocus.com
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| Objective: | An innovative economist performing policy-relevant economic and statistical research. |
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| Qualification Summary: | Excellent IT skills related to data manipulation and interpretation Statistical proficiency and practical experience in research analysis Strong communication skills Demonstrated expertise in decision making and policy formulation Outstanding ability to work with a wide range of clients and stakeholders |
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| Education: | University of Texas Ph.D: Economics Fields of concentration: International Economics, Econometrics Minors: Business Statistics, Economics Development 2006 |
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| Texas A&M University MA: Economics Minor: E-Marketing, and International Relations 2000 | |
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| Work Experience: | (2) Senior Economist, City of Dallas Dallas, Texas 75000 Conduct empirical research on natural resource issues and formulate pragmatic policy recommendations based on the research. Analyze research at a strategic level to influence future investment and development across the region. Review economic and other analytical work programs in close collaboration with city managers and task teams responsible for local and regional programs to ensure consistency with strategic objectives, and prepare policy reports and articles. August 2002 - present |
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| Economist I, City of Dallas Dallas, Texas 75000 Conducted high-quality research on economic, political economy, or political aspects of environmental policy issues. Provided leadership in developing inter- and multi- disciplinary research programs on environmental issues. Analyzed energy policy and natural resource policy. Performed economic analyses of various aspects of regional integration, including trade, infrastructure, and management of shared resources. March 2000 - August 2002 | |
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| Associate Economist, City of Garland Garland, Texas 75000 Prepared charts and tables for analysis and presentations. Monitored current regional events to identify emerging economic trends and issues. Analyzed economic factors to determine relationships between regional trends and growth potential of various markets and business developments. Reviewed city-wide issues regarding the protection and management of natural resources. June March 1997 – March 2000 | |
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| Professional Affiliations: | Financial Economics Network member American Economic Association member |
(3) Production Manager Resume Template
Denise Weatherspoon
1632 Manaheim St.
Kansas City, MO 64012
(304) 555 - 7236
__________________
Objective
A challenging and rewarding position as a Production Manager.
Summary
Directed research, development, and implementation of design engineering business. Implemented streamlined manufacturing planning systems.
Experience
Delphi Systems, Kansas City, MO
Production Manager, 1997 - Present
Designed, implemented, and monitored management operations systems. Streamlined planning process by consolidating various similar groups, resulting in a savings of $2M.
Fairbanks Industries, New York, NY
Production Manager, 1989 - 1997
Reduced startup time and costs by %30 percent, while maintaining over %90 schedule accuracy.
Catskills Manufacturing, Inc., Syracuse, NY
Production Manager, 1987 - 1989
Developed and managed semi-automatic assembly line systems. Streamlined packaging process, resulting in an annual savings of $1.7M.
Education
Columbia University, New York, NY
M.B.A., 1990
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
B.A., Economics, 1987
Text D
Cover Letters
Written communication - whether hard copy or e-mail - serves many purposes in a job search. In a thorough job search, you will write many types of letters. Cover letters, which accompany and introduce your resume (so called because you place the letter on top of, and thus cover, your resume), are the ones you may hear about most, but are not the only letters you will need. Letters also precede, follow-up and confirm verbal conversations, so they serve as a record and reminder of interactions, as well as evidence of your communication skills. Your resume or CV should always be accompanied by a cover letter. This gives you an opportunity to give it some context.
The cover letter is the principal way in which you can demonstrate your understanding of the employing organization and how you relate to its values, ethos and aspirations. While your CV sets out the skills you have for the post, your cover letter more explicitly presents your motivation and adaptability. A cover letter is intended to: demonstrate to the employer your interest in and knowledge of the company, highlight particular parts of your CV that are your unique selling points, draw attention to additional information that does not fit easily into a CV, as well as explain any personal circumstances in your application.
The following format provides a useful overview for a letter:
- Briefly introduce yourself, state what position you’re applying for and where you saw it advertised. For a speculative letter, specify the type of work you’re looking for.
- Explain why you’re interested in this type of work, demonstrating an understanding of what it’s likely to involve.
- Explain why you’re interested in working for this particular employer. Demonstrate enthusiasm and evidence of research into such aspects as their successes, involvements, values or clients.
- Highlight the ways in which you’re suitable for this position. Provide evidence of your key strengths by referring to experience listed on your CV. Aim to show that your key strengths reflect the requirements of the employer and position.
- Take the opportunity, if necessary, to explain any anomalies in your background, such as any time gaps or any ways in which you don’t match the selection criteria. Perhaps explain how any hurdles you’ve encountered have helped you develop in a positive way.
- Indicate availability for interview.
Exercises
I. Study the cover letter and an acceptance letter below paying attention at their arrangement. Translate them into Russian.
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