III. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
Модальные глаголы выражают отношение говорящего к действию: должен, хочу, могу.
| Модальный Глагол | Значение | Present | Past | Future |
| Can | Умение, способность, возможность | can Vi * | could Vi | will be able |
| Be able | Физ. возмож- ность, способность | Am Is able Аre | Was Were able | Will be able |
| Must | Обязанность, приказ, совет предположение | Must Vi | Had to Vi | Will have to Vi |
| Have to | Вынужденность, обязанность | Have to Vi Has to Vi | Had to Vi | Will have to Vi |
| Be to | Должен в силу договоренности или плана | Am Is to Vi Are | Was Were to Vi | Will be to Vi |
| Should Следует, Следовало бы | Обязанность, совет, сожаление | Should Vi | - | - |
| Would Не могли бы вы, бывало | Вежливая форма, повтор действия, нежелание | Would Vi | - | - |
| Shall | Намерение, предложение | Shall Vi | - | - |
| May | Разрешение, предположение, возможно, может быть | May Vi | Might Vi | - |
| Be allowed to Vi | Разрешают, позволяют | Am Is allowed Аre | Was Were allowed | Will be Allowed |
| Ought | Следует | Ought to Vi | Ought to +Present Perfect | - |
| Need | Необходимость | Need Vi | - | - |
Vi * - инфинитив глагола (без частицы to).
Упр. 3. Переведите на русский язык :
1.You may go there, I don’t mind. 2. You can go there, it is quite near. 3. You cannot go there: you don’t know the address. 4. You need not go there: I can ring them up. 5. You must not go there: they are very bad people. 6. You need not have gone there yesterday. 7. You should go there: they are waiting for you. 8. You should have gone there yesterday. 9. We may come to see you tomorrow. 10. They may have come to our place, but we were out. 11. He must have seen this monument when he was in your town. 12. He may have seen this monument when he was in your town. 13. Will you be able to speak to him tomorrow? 14. I could not remember the last lines of the sonnet, and I had to ring up my friend. 15. I shall have to stay at home these days. 16. You will not have to wait for him. 17. We decided that everybody was to take part in the concert. 18. I was to learn this poem by Wednesday.
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КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3.
I. Местоимения it, that, числительное one.
Местоимение It
В предложении может быть:
1. личным местоимением, переводится – он, она, оно, его, ее.
Take this book. It is interesting.
2. указательным местоимением, переводится – это
W hat is it? – It is our new club.
3. является подлежащим в безличных предложениях.
It is cold. It is winter. It is known.
4. в предложении может быть частью усилительной конструкции.
It is the book that I want to read. Это именно та книга, которую я хочу
прочитать.
Упр. 1. Переведите на русский язык:
1. It is autumn. It is the 3rd of October. It is dark in the morning and it is difficult to get up. 2. It is a new subject. It is very important for our future speciality. We shall study it for two years. 3. It is known that the knowledge of general engineering subjects is the basis for the study of special subjects. 4. It is said that the chemistry laboratory of our institute is good. 5. It is important to understand the fundamentals of this science. 6. It is the knowledge of general engineering subjects that is the basis of engineering training.
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Местоимение That
В предложении может быть:
1. указательным местоимением (форма мн. числа - those), переводится – тот, то, та, те.
That house was built in 1970.
2. относительным местоимением, переводится – который.
The book that you gave me is interesting.
3. союзом, переводится – что
We know that he studies at the institute.
3. союзом подлежащего (стоит в начале предложения), переводится – то, что:
That the profession of an engineer requires special training is a well-known fact.
4. союзом сказуемого (стоит после глагола to be), переводится – то, что
The feature (особенность) of the education in our country is that it is available to all.
5. заменителем существительного
The climate of that part of the country differs from that in another.
6. частью усилительной конструкции it is … that, переводится – именно, точно, как раз
It was you that said so. Именно вы сказали так.
Упр. 2. Переведите на русский язык:
1. That student studies in our group. 2. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 3. The aim of today’s policy is that peace in the world should be permanent. 4. The programme for the first-year students differs from that of the third-year students. 5.There are many interesting articles in this journal, read those on your speciality. 6. It is the high qualification of future specialists that will determine the scientific and technological progress of any country.
Числительное One
В предложении может быть:
1. числительным
I have only one book.
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2. неопределенным местоимением, переводится вместе с глаголом – можно, нужно
One can read that text without Можно прочитать этот текст
a dictionary. без словаря.
3.заменителем существительного
Take my pen. – Thank you, I have one.
Упр. 3. Переведите на русский язык:
1. One must study a lot to become an engineer. 2. We must write only one exercise now. 3. Engineering is one of the most important professions, it is the one that is taught at technical institutes. 4. One must pass all the exams well to enter an institute. 5. Last summer I read many English articles and my friend read some German ones. 6. This summer we shall spend in the country, the last one we spent in the city. 7. We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate.
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