Alternatives to petroleum-based vehicle fuels
The term alternative propulsion or "alternative methods of propulsion" includes both:
- alternative fuels used in standard or modified internal combustion engines (i.e. combustion hydrogen or biofuels).
- propulsion systems not based on internal combustion, such as those based on electricity (for example, all-electric or hybrid vehicles), compressed air, or fuel cells (i.e. hydrogen fuel cells).
International market
Oil consumption per capita (darker colors represent more consumption).
Petroleum efficiency among countries
There are two main ways to measure the petroleum efficiency of countries: by population or by GDP (gross domestic product). This metric is important in the global debate over oil consumption/energy consumption/climate change because it takes social and economic considerations into account when scoring countries on their oil consumption/energy consumption/climate change goals. Nations such as China and India with large populations tend to promote the use of population based metrics, while nations with large economies such as the United States would tend to promote the GDP based metric.
For example:
| Selected Nation | Oil Efficiency (US dollar/barrel/day) | Selected Nation | Oil Efficiency (barrel/person/year) |
| Switzerland | 3.75 | Switzerland | 34.64 |
| United Kingdom | 3.34 | United Kingdom | 30.18 |
| Norway | 3.31 | Norway | 52.06 |
| Austria | 2.96 | Austria | 34.01 |
| France | 2.65 | France | 32.43 |
| United States | 1.65 | United States | 68.81 |
| Russia | 0.84 | Russia | 17.66 |
| Saudi Arabia | 0.46 | Saudi Arabia | 75.08 |
| Canada | 1.35 | Canada | 69.85 |
| Iran | 0.35 | Iran | 21.56 |
Top petroleum-producing countries
Source: Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government.
Oil producing countries
In order of amount produced in 2004 in MMbbl/d & ML/d:
| # | Producing Nation for 2004 | (×106bbl/d) | (×103m³/d) |
| 1 | Saudi Arabia (OPEC) | 10.37 | 1,649 |
| 2 | Russia | 9.27 | 1,474 |
| 3 | United States 1 | 8.69 | 1,382 |
| 4 | Iran (OPEC) | 4.09 | 650 |
| 5 | Mexico 1 | 3.83 | 609 |
| 6 | China 1 | 3.62 | 576 |
| 7 | Norway 1 | 3.18 | 506 |
| 8 | Canada 1,3 | 3.14 | 499 |
| 9 | Venezuela (OPEC) 1 | 2.86 | 455 |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates (OPEC) | 2.76 | 439 |
| 11 | Kuwait (OPEC) | 2.51 | 399 |
| 12 | Nigeria (OPEC) | 2.51 | 399 |
| 13 | United Kingdom 1 | 2.08 | 331 |
| 14 | Iraq (OPEC) 2 | 2.03 | 323 |
1 peak production of conventional oil already passed in this state
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2 Though still a member, Iraq has not been included in production figures since 1998
3 Canada has the world's second largest oil reserves when tar sands are included, and is the leading source of U.S. imports, averaging 1.7 MMbbl/d in April 2006
Top petroleum-exporting countries
Oil exports by country
| In order of amount exported in 2003: | |
| 1. Saudi Arabia (OPEC) | 7. Kuwait (OPEC) |
| 2. Russia | 8. Nigeria (OPEC) |
| 3. Norway 1 | 9. Mexico 1 |
| 4. Iran (OPEC) | 10. Algeria (OPEC) |
| 5. United Arab Emirates (OPEC) | 11. Libya (OPEC) 1 |
| 6. Venezuela (OPEC) 1 | |
1 peak production already passed in this state
Note that the USA consumes almost all of its own production, while the UK has recently become a net-importer rather than net-exporter.
Total world production/consumption (as of 2005) is approximately 84 million barrels per day
| # | Consuming Nation | (bbl/day) | (m³/day) | # | Consuming Nation | (bbl/day) | (m³/day) |
| 1 | United States | 20,030,000 | 3,184,516 | 1 | Japan | 5,578,000 | 886,831 |
| 2 | China | 6,391,000 | 1,016,088 | 2 | Germany | 2,677,000 | 425,609 |
| 3 | Japan | 5,578,000 | 886,831 | 3 | India | 2,320,000 | 368,851 |
| 4 | Russia | 2,800,000 | 445,164 | 4 | South Korea | 2,061,000 | 327,673 |
| 5 | Germany | 2,677,000 | 425,609 | 5 | France | 2,060,000 | 327,514 |
| 6 | India | 2,320,000 | 368,851 | 6 | Italy | 1,874,000 | 297,942 |
| 7 | Canada | 2,300,000 | 365,671 | 7 | Spain | 1,537,000 | 244,363 |
| 8 | South Korea | 2,061,000 | 327,673 | 8 | Netherlands | 946,700 | 150,513 |
| 9 | France | 2,060,000 | 327,514 | ||||
| 10 | Italy | 1,874,000 | 297,942 | ||||
| 11 | Saudi Arabia | 1,775,000 | 282,202 | ||||
| 12 | Mexico | 1,752,000 | 278,546 | ||||
| 13 | United Kingdom | 1,722,000 | 273,776 | ||||
| 14 | Brazil | 1,610,000 | 255,970 |
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