Give Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases.

An observance; to determine; the ends and means; an objective; to conduct; vulnerable; to bend; to safeguard; to retreat; to circumvent; an outbreak; a subordination; indispensable; a prerequisite; to pursue a policy; to meet the other side on the middle ground; violence; to surrender, a conduct.

Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases.

Определять; вспышка (начало); вести; отступать; подчинение; цель; уязвимый; сгибать; предпосылка; соблюдение; уступать/сдавать; проводить политику; крайне необходимый; цели и средства; делать уступки; защищать; обходить; насилие, проведение.

Read the article again. Using the article and the words from the exercises above finish the following sentences.

1. The objective of a war is...

2. The method of conducting war is ...

3. The objective of foreign policy is...

4. The methods of foreign policy are ...

5. The main purpose of diplomacy is...

6. Foreign policy must be conducted in such a way as ...

7. The subordination of the military under civilian authorities is...

Answer the following questions on the article using active words and phrases.

1. What do the ultimate objectives of the conduct of war and of the conduct of foreign policy serve?

2. What is the objective of war?

3. What is the objective of foreign policy?

4. What is the main purpose of diplomacy?

5. What is an indispensable prerequisite for the conduct of foreign affairs?

Render the article in English using active words and phrases.

7. Answer these disputable questions:

1. Do you agree that the military should not determine the ends and means of foreign policy? Why?

2. What is your attitude to the statement that to surrender the conduct of foreign affairs to military is to destroy the possibility of compromise and thus surrender the cause of peace?

3. Do you see eye to eye with the author stating that the main purpose of diplomacy is to avoid the absolutes of victories and defeats and meet the other side on the middle ground of negotiated compromise? Why? What to your mind is the main task of diplomacy?

4. Do you find it true that a foreign policy conducted by the military according to the rules of the military art can only end in war? If yes, why?

5. Why is subordination of the military under civilian authorities for the conduct of foreign policy an indispensable prerequisite?

6. Why do you think such former military leaders as de Gaulle and Eisenhower became prominent policymakers?

Make up reports on the following topics and answer the questions of the audience.

1. The armed forces are the instruments of foreign policy, not its master.

2. The armed forces should/can be a master of foreign policy along with diplomacy.

3. Diplomacy not backed by strength will always be ineffective at best and dangerous at worst.

 

UNIT 1. Section A.

take a significant step
bilateral
agreement
concession
to worsen
disagreement over
spokesman for
to forge
to point out
relationship
negotiation
to be under way
is expected to do smth
issues of mutual interest
to pull off
success
persuade
opt for
intense
Montenegrin
to strengthen
preventive
to take on responsibility
in the Balkans
within the federation
fragmentation
to claim hundreds of thousands of lives
under the arrangements
to come into force
foreign affairs
defense
economic
economical
international economic relations
protection of human and minority rights
to harmonize with smth
to resume arms sales
joint
to announce
to be under way
to finalize
a shift in attitude
talks on smth
the terms of the sale
to set
reunion of families
a sealed border
to launch a new round of talks
policy
politics
reconciliation
to be expected to confirm
breakthrough
Pyongyang
a freeze in contact
thorny
to put back on track
frank
cordial
score
at the end
elderly people
to split
immediate family

 

Section B.

to manage
to stand out
decade
revitalized
Beijing
to be of critical importance
cautious
delicate
turbulent
to bring relations to a crisis point
collision
to ease the tension
strategic competitor
on one side
incident
steadily
an ally
to gain cooperation
network
a long-term US military presence
withdrawal from
ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile)
to mute
to erode
credibility
nuclear
deterrent
to speculate about
to account for
restraint
controversy
to preserve and expand the economic relationship
slowdown
recession
crucial
to jeopardize access
to alarm
rapprochement
rival
with good reason
response to
under the Bush administration
to take office
to expel
on charges of espionage
expansion of smth
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO
to fuel tensions
to denounce the attacks
substantive
to object to smth
to wage the war
to resist, resist the demand
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
to have a crucial role to play
reward
the centerpiece of smth
arms-control issues
to maintain a long-term military presence
deceit
to take unfair advantage
to pursue
the Russian people
hostile
to take advantage of one’s country
rivalry
the Cold War
strategic partnership
the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
joint statement
intervention
to deepen
the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
to combat Islamic extremism
statement
communiqué
to contain
confrontational relationship
to prove fatal
to seek – sought - sought
friction
US-led West
vital
to eliminate
to proceed down the same violent path
in the decade
to base smth on smth
to be in degradation
in part for reasons
if neglected
ultimately
long-term security requirements
to face
to rise
to raise
to arouse
challenge
to maintain regional stability
to trigger
a clash over
determination
a ballistic missile defense system
to exceed
the size of nuclear forces
to deploy
to compel
to offset
thereby
to abandon
goal
multilateral institutions
to underwrite
anchor
primacy
to the maximum extent
engagement in smth
Rapid Reaction Force
out-of-area engagement
military capacity
to intercept
substantially
constitutional Gordian knot
compatible with smth
to come to its sharpest edge
the Japanese
to assume
to bar
consequence
to bring smth through smth
equilibrium
by means other than military force
to bring about
benign
adjustment
to be capable of
purpose
collective
environmental collapse
collective military defense
to chart
aspiration
societal
indispensable
commitment
South Korea
the Korean peninsula

 

Section C.

the armed forces
foreign policy
observance
pursue a policy
determining
the ends and means
objective
the conduct of war
to employ means
mode of thought
to bear upon
unconditional
violence
vulnerable
armor
the sole question
defeat
to bend
to safeguard
relative
obstacle
retreat
to circumvent
to maneuver around smth
to dissolve
persuasion
pressure
to surrender
intricate
subtle
to meet the other side on the middle ground
outbreak
inevitable
sovereign
permanent
subordination
civilian authorities
prerequisite

 

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