When we report something that is still true.
Dan: "Asia is the largest continent." - Dan said Asia is the largest continent. Emma: "People in Africa are starving." - Emma said people in Africa are starving.
When the speech is made and reported at the same time and the fact is still true.
Michael: "I am thirsty." - Michael said he is thirsty.
With modal verbs would, might, could, should, ought to, used to.
George: "I would try it." - George said he would try it. Mimi: "I might come." - Mimi said she might come. Steve: "I could fail." - Steve said he could fail. Linda: "He should/ought to stay in bed." - Linda said he should/ought to stay in bed. Mel: "I used to have a car." - Mel said he used to have a car.
After wish, would rather, had better, it is time.
Margo: "I wish they were in Greece." - Margo said she wished they were in Greece. Matt: "I would rather fly." - Matt said he would rather fly. Betty: "They had better go." - Betty said they had better go. Paul: "It is time I got up." - Paul said it was time he got up.
6. In if-clauses. Martha: "If I tidied my room, my dad would be happy." - Martha said that if she tidied her room, her dad would be happy.
7. In time-clauses. Joe: "When I was staying in Madrid I met my best friend." - He said that when he was staying in Madrid he met his best friend.
8. We do not usually change the modal verbs must and needn't.
If the modal verb must does not express obligation, we do not change it.
"We must relax for a while." (suggestion) - He said they must relax for a while. "You must be tired after such a trip." (certainty) - He said we must be tired after such a trip.
But must can become had to or would have to and needn't can become didn't have to or wouldn't have to if we want to express an obligation.
"We must do it in June." - He said they would have to do it in June. (obligation)
Reported questions. Questions become statements in the reported speech. The reporting verb say changes into ask, want to know, wonder ... .
"Where have you been?" he said. - He asked me where I had been. "What time did it start?" he said. - He wanted to know what time it had started. "Why won't he do it?" she said. - She wondered why he wouldn't do it.
In yes/no questions we use if or whether in the reported questions.
|
|
|
"Will you come?" she asked me. - She asked me if/whether I would come. "Did he marry Sue?" she said. - She wondered if/whether he married Sue.
Reported commands, requests and advice.The reporting verbs are advise, ask, beg, forbid, order, persuade, recommend, tell, urge, warn etc.
"Get up!" he said. - He told me to get up. "Please, revise for the test," he said. - He urged me to revise for the test. "Put on your coat," I said. - I advised him to put on his coat.
Negative commands, requests and advice
"Don't hesitate," he said. - He persuaded me not to hesitate. "Don't smoke," the doctor warned my father. - The doctor warned my father not to smoke.
Reported statements with tell.
"I'm leaving," he told me. - He told me that he was leaving.
Reported commands, requests or advice with tell
"Leave the room," he told John. - He told John to leave the room. "Don't give up," the teacher told her students. - The teacher told the students not to give up.
Similarly ask is used in reported questions, commands, requests or advice in different forms.
"Will you make coffee?" he said. - He asked me if I would make coffee. "Make coffee, please," he said. - He asked me to make coffee.
We usually change pronouns, time, and place in reported speech
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) |
| today tomorrow yesterday next week/month/year last week/month/year now/just ago tonight here my this/that + noun this/that +verb this/these these/those +noun these/those +verb verb + these/those | that day/the same day the next day/the following day the day before/the previous day the following/the next week/month/year the previous/the last week/month/year then before that night there his/her the/that it that/those the/those they them |
Complete the sentences in indirect speech
| "It is too late." - I said. |
| "I have replied." - He claimed that. |
| "I met you yesterday." - Sam told me. |
| "I cannot come." - Mary explained that. |
| "I could fall down." - He was afraid. |
| "I will pay tomorrow." - He said. |
| "The Himalayas are the highest." - He knew that. |
| "I may lend you some money." - Bill promised. |
| "I have been watching a film." - He replied that. |
| "Claire must rest." - The doctor said. |
| "I have not done it today." - I explained that. |
| "If I was younger, I would accept it." - He thought that. |
| "I was with him last week." - Jill admitted that. |
| "You needn't change your shoes in our house." - She reminded me that. |
| "I am calling my mum." - She said. |
| "I will finish this picture tomorrow." - Diana supposed that. |
| "I would buy it." - She said. |
| "Greg used to be my friend." - He told us. |
Put the following into Indirect speech:
|
|
|
1. Mr West said, "I am very tired".
2. He said, "I am flying to Rome tomorrow",
3. George said, "I have lived in this village all my life"
4. Peter said to me Ί can't go out with you because I am not feeling well".
5. Helen said to me, "I hope you have enjoyed yourself"
6. She said, "I have been to Paris many times"
7. Jane said, "I want to study medicine, father".
8. Her friend said, "You are wrong, Mary".
9. He said to me, "I saw your friend a the cinema yesterday",
10. She said to him "I called you up but you didn't answer an hour ago"
Put the following into Indirect Speech:
1. The teacher said to me, "write your name on this paper."
2. He said to me, "Wait for me here".
3. He said to them "Don't go out alone".
4. He said to me, "Type this letter immediately,"
5. Peter said to Tom, "Don't do it again".
6. The students said, "We may be a little late".
7. The teacher said, "You must answer this question in 5 seconds"
|
|
|
8. He said, "I can't stay out very late"
9. My mother said to me, "You ought to be more careful".
10. I said to them, "Don't write on your desks".
Дата добавления: 2019-01-14; просмотров: 825; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!