Прочитайте только те словосочетания, которые могут выступать в качестве сказуемого в предложении.
Will have finished, alter, in favour of, unlike rules, should not do, to pay, may be forced, would not be necessary, did not live, so special, to drive on, help to safeguard, claims to, ensuring, do not want, applies to, might not be able to go, to speak out publicly, has kept, are regulating, like, do not use, will choose, is speaking.
Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени.
1. … now (at the moment of speech) we are telling, laws are keeping the society together, he is driving on the left side of the road, they are seeking to change the law.
2. … already, by now (by the moment of speech) they have formulated the law, government has authorized the court to complete the investigation, the criminal has broken the law, he has taken unfair advantage of the weaker, the life has changed.
3. … last …, … ago, in 1997 (date) people began to create laws long ago, last week the parliament amended the law, yesterday he testified under oath at the trial, in 1985 the Law Society relaxed the rules.
Выберите правильную форму глагола .
1. Students (are studying, study) law at the university. 2. He already (graduated, has graduated) from the university. 3, Last year he (graduated, has graduated) from the university. 4. The police (didn’t find, haven’t found) the killer yet. 5. For about 10 years legislators (discussed, have been discussing) the bill. 6. Every year the State Duma of the RF (is passing, passes) a lot of laws. 7. In 1992 our country (ratified, had ratified) the treaty. 8. Lawyers (came, have come) to the agreement by the end of the present session. 9. You (are looking, look) very thoughtful. What (do you think, are you thinking) about? – I (think, am thinking) about retirement. – But you are only 25. You only just (started, have started) your career. – I (know, am knowing), but I (read, have read) an article which (says, is saying) that a sensible man (started, starts) thinking about retirement at 25.
| Порядок слов в утвердительном предложении (Word Order in the Affirmative Sentence) |
ПРАВИЛО:
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ + СКАЗУЕМОЕ + ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ + ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО
или
ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО + ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ + СКАЗУЕМОЕ + ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ
Определение не имеет постоянного места в предложении и может находиться рядом с любым членом предложения, который требует определения.
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| Тысячи английских слов свободно используются в функциях нескольких частей речи. Наиболее широко распространена способность выступать в двух функциях у существительного и глагола, например: state – государство, состояние и заявлять, излагать, judge – судья и судить, claim – требование, судебный иск и претендовать, заявлять, force – сила и заставлять, rule – правило, норма и управлять, постановлять. Правильный первый шаг к пониманию смысла английского высказывания – не поиск в словаре русских соответствий английским словам, а определение грамматической роли слова в предложении. К пониманию смысла английского высказывания можно прийти лишь после того, как выявлена его грамматическая структура, при этом необходимо руководствоваться формальными показателями слова и твердым порядком слов в английском предложении. |
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова, которые выступают в разных функциях в предложении.
1. A judge is a court officer authorized to decide legal cases. But who are they to judge us? The judge may also rule on motions made before or during a trial. Don't judge a book by its cover.
2. In this office, hard work is the rule, not the exception. When a court rules, the decision is called a ruling. The high destiny of the individual is to serve rather than to rule.
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3. The state is distinguished from other institutions by its purpose (establishment of order and security), methods (its laws and their enforcement), territory (its area of jurisdiction), and sovereignty. Another standard question is “What's the state of the world?” meaning “What's new?” or “What's going on?” The Bill of Rights is stated in 463 words.
4. What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Nobody can force me to do it.
5. After the storm, the Johnsons filed a claim against their home insurance in order to repair damage to the roof. He claimed he won the race, though the video showed otherwise.
6. In folk beliefs, good luck is regularly associated with the right side: it is lucky to see the new moon to one's right, to put the right stocking or shoe on first, while in each case the left is unlucky. Each legal right that an individual possesses relates to a corresponding legal duty imposed on another.
Составьте предложения .
1. have/ in any society/ several characteristics/ laws.
2. these rules/ sometimes/ break/ we/ without suffering any penalty.
3. for a variety of reasons/ arise/ conflicts between individuals.
4. people/ enable/ to feel secure/ laws / in their lives.
5. to forbid / the first aim of law/ certain ways of behaving/ is / like murder, terrorism, or smoking in public places.
6. to provide/ to make their own arrangements/ facilities for people/ is / the second aim of law.
7. to settle/ the third aim of law/ disputes among citizens / is.
8. restrictions on people/ certain guarantees/ imposes/ them / the law/ but also gives.
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