The most well-known king out of Plantagenet was Richard I called the Lionheart. Read the statement and underline the most suitable variant.
1) Richard served/hated the God.
2) In 1191 a huge Christian/Muslim army was on the move.
3) Each soldier made an oath before God to capture/ to free the land of Jesus’ birth.
4) The first/third crusade was led by Richard I of England.
5) The crusader society/army included English nobles, French knights, and warrior monks.
6) The Christians /Saracens army had twice as many soldiers as the Saracens /Christians had.
Another Plantagenet William I was also an outstanding king who tried to subdue Wales and Scotland.
But on his way he met two brave heroes: William Wallace called Braveheart and Robert Bruce who was crowned the next king of Scotland.
On Edward’s grave were written the words “Edward, the Hammer of the Scots”.
Why? What is the reason?
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Hundred Years' War and its Historical Background
During the 14th century, the Plantagenets and House of Valois both claimed to be legitimate claimants to House of Capet and with it France — the two powers clashed in the Hundred Years' War.
The Black Death epidemic hit England, starting in 1348, it eventually killed up to half of the countries inhabitants.
Among the children of that time there was a well-known song which characterizes the way people lived in the period of Black Death.
Read and analyze what the poem is about.
Ring a-round the rosary
A pocket full of posies
Ashes, ashes
We all fall down.
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The Battle of the Yorkists and Lancastrians or the War of the Roses
| The rose can be both the symbol of love and sorrow, in Middle England the rose was a symbol of death. |
From 1453 to 1487 civil war between two branches of the royal family occurred—the Yorkists and Lancastrians—known as the Wars of the Roses.
The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York. Although armed clashes had occurred previously between supporters of Lancastrian King Henry VI and Richard, Duke of York, head of the rival House of York, the first open fighting broke out in 1455 and resumed more violently in 1459. Henry was captured and Richard became Protector of England, but was dissuaded from claiming the throne. Inspired by Henry's Queen, Margaret of Anjou, the Lancastrians resumed the conflict, and Richard was killed in battle at the end of 1460. His eldest son was proclaimed King Edward IV after winning a crushing victory at the Battle of Towton early in 1461.
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ENGLISH NATIONAL LANGUAGE
| Middle English | |||||||
| 1066 | 1167 | 1215 | 1282 | 1286 | 1337 | 1381 | 1455 |
ACTIVATING THE STUDENTS’ BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
1. Do you remember …
1) What author is associated with Middle English according to the traditional periodization?
2) Who is the author of the well-know Middle English work called Canterbury Tales?
3) The names of the Old English dialects
4) The predominant Old English Dialect
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