Вопросы, выносимые на обсуждение
Points for discussion :
1. Types of sentences according to the structure of the sentences.
2. Compound nominal predicate, compound verbal predicate, aspectual predicate, simple predicate.
Задания
Exercises:
Exercise 1. Chang the word order with fronting to a more usual word order such as subject + verb + direct object. (In one type, this more usual word order is impossible without a change of wording. What example illustrates this?)
1. Such a blunder I’d now committed.
2. The prejudices remained beneath the surface of benignity, waiting for some unwary blunder on my part to crack the surface and let them burst through.
3. Such a sure hand my son has with his people!
4. What a gullible lot we are.
5. Brave though he is in facing adult audiences, the result is a bit of a cringe.
Exercise 2. Subject-verb inversion and subject-operator inversion.
Underline the example of inversion in each of the following examples, and tell what type of inversion it is: subject-verb inversion or subject-operator inversion.
Note: When the same word has a role both as main verb and as operator, the inversion can be described either as subject-verb inversion or as subject-operator inversion. Which examples are like this?
1. On the sideboard stood a decanter of Haut Brion, and another of old Lanning port.
2. The number of Chinese Characters soared to 23,000 in the twelfth century and to almost 49,000 in the eighteenth. Equally striking is the high proportion of semantic-phonetic compounds relative to the other three categories
3. Such has been the success of the piece on a short provincial tour, that it has been snapped up by The Globe in the center of London’s theatreland.
4. Kelly finished fourth overall, and came close to losing the King of the Mountains honour. Only on the final climb of Sally Gap did he clinch victory as his rival, Gary Backer, was struggling back from two punctures.
5. “Hold it, darling”, interrupted Khalehla.
6. Hide your ankle boots and put away your sensible lace-ups when summer arrives. Now is the time for cool, light shoes that you can slip straight on your feet.
7. What are you eating?
8. Had she known that he was looking for her, she thought, she would not have let herself sit there.
9. Can the health service cope with the growing needs of older people?
10. Into this circle stepped Captain Bierce, confident, huge, beaming, straight-speaking, simple and uncomplicated as only a man in uniform can appear to be. He courted her.
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Exercise 3. Conditions for inversion.
Inversion takes place only in special conditions. Identify the conditions for inversion that apply to the examples in previous exercise. Choose from the following conditions:
a) yes/no questions
b) wh-questions
c) fronted adverbial of place/time
d) fronted predicative
e) degree expression
f) negative or restrictive opening element
g) hypothetical or tentative conditional clause
h) dependent interrogative clause
i) reporting clause
Exercise 4. Quiz yourself.
Answer each of the following questions on existential there.
1) What is the syntactic role of existential there in it’s clause?
2) What is the noun phrase following existential there + be called?
3) Which of the following illustrates existential there? Which illustrates place there?
Oh look, there’s that bird.
There is nothing wrong really.
4) After be, what is the most common verb that occurs after existential there in academic prose?
5) Which of the following statements relating to discourse functions of existential clauses are true?
a) Existential clauses are always used when new elements are introduced into the discourse.
b) Existential clauses are useful in focusing on a new topic.
c) Existential clauses help the information flow principle.
d) Existential clauses hardly ever occur in the series.
e) The notional subject rarely begins with the.
f) Existential there cannot occur in a question tag.
Exercise 5. Classify each of the sentences below according to their structure and fulfill the complex analysis of each sentence.
1) Great Britain is a small island, but it is reach in minerals.
2) What an interesting book I bought yesterday!
3) I know that he is in London now.
4) Ask her where he is now.
5) Alicia, Joy and David came in.
6) Read about the weather and then decide on your vacation.
7) Don’t forget!
8) Can you explain the term “brainstorming” to us?
9) My boss gets angry if he is interrupted.
10) He stopped smiling.
Exercise 6. Translate into Russian giving all the possible equivalents of the following sentences.
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1) Vexed as he was, Martin did not lose his competence (Ch. Show).
2) Old as they were, her aunts also did their share (J. Joyce).
3) Different as the two men were, they were two real Englishmen (O. H. Lawrence).
4) Slight and young as he seems, his Hamlet has a formidable force (R. Gilder).
Рекомендуемая литература
Основная литература:
1. Худяков, А. А. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка : [учеб. пособие для студ. филол. фак-тов и фак-тов иностранных языков вузов] / Худяков Андрей Александрович. - 3-е изд., стер. - М. : Академия , 2012. - 255 с. - (Высшее профессиональное образование). - Библиогр.: с. 219-224. - Терминол. указ.: с. 245-250. - На обл.: Языкознание. - ISBN 978-5-7695-6145-0 : 391-60.
2. Bloch M.Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. - M., 2000. – p.6-26.
3. Блох М.Я. Теоретические основы грамматики – М., Высшая школа 2010.
Дополнительная литература:
1. Арутюнова Н.Д. Предложение и его смысл: логико-семантические проблемы. – М., 2000.
2. Слюсарева Н.А. Проблемы функционального синтаксиса современного английского языка. – М., 1981.
3. Бархударов Л.С. Структура простого предложения современного английского языка. - М., 1982.
Интернет-ресурсы:
1. http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms глоссарий, содержащий более 900 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International). Ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D.H.Day Jr., P.C.Jourdan, J.D.Wingate
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2. https://www.thoughtco.com/theoretical-grammar-1692541 информационный обучающий ресурс, посвящённый вопросам теоретической грамматики
3. http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ информационный обучающий ресурс, посвящённый вопросам грамматики
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