Вопросы, выносимые на обсуждение
Points for discussion :
1. A general outline of the verb as a part of speech.
2. Classification of verbs (notional verbs / semi-notional verbs / functional verbs).
3. The category of person and number: traditional and modern interpretations.
4. The category of tense: the basic notions connected with the category of tense (lexical/grammatical denotation of time; "the present moment"). Modern conceptions of English tenses.
5. The category of aspect.
6. The category of voice. Category of mood.
7. A general outline of verbals: the categorial semantics, categories, syntactic functions.
8. The infinitive and its properties. The categories of the infinitive. Modal meanings of infinitival complexes.
9. The gerund and its properties. The categories of gerund. The notion of half-gerund.
10. The present participle, the past participle, and their properties.
11. Language means of expressing modality.
Задания
Exercises:
Exercise 1 . Determine group of verbs to which they belong. Translate the sentences paying attention to the ways you translate the verbs in bold. Make a conclusion about the shift of the lexical meaning when translated verbs in bold are used as continuous and non-continuous.
1. I can’t understand why he is being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
2. We are enjoying our holiday. We are having a great time.
3. I am thinking of giving up my job.
4. I am seeing the manager tomorrow morning.
5. Why are you smelling this meat? Do you think it has gone off?
Exercise 2 . Translate the sentences paying attention to the substitute verbs in bold. Make classification of substitute verbs.
1. She knows this rule and so do I.
2. I am coming and so is she.
3. I said “Winston, if I weren’t in my right mind, I’d think you’re trying to hit on me” and he was like “and you’d be right.”
4. We shall be able to correct the program. He was allowed to perform the operation.
5. “Didn’t your mother tell you that the most expensive is not always the best?” “No she did not…”
6. We shall use this letter, as Prof. N. did, for the constant V.
7. A wise man seldom changes his mind, a fool never does.
8. “Did I say I wasn’t going to start?” “No… No, but -” “That’s right. Because I am”.
9. “I sort of depend on you now.” “Yes. You do. You do, don’t you, Paul?”
10. Ah, Annie, you were lying to both of us. I knew it, and you did, too.
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Exercise 3 . Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the verb. Classify the sentences to express the passive voice:
(1) the verb "to be" + the short passive participle;
(2) reflexive verb;
(3) non-finite clause;
(4) finite clause with a verb in the active voice.
(Some sentences can be translated in several ways according to Russian verb and context)
1. The book is much spoken about.
2. He was told to stay home.
3. The experiments were made last year.
4. Answers are given in the written form.
5. He was helped to open the door.
6. They were invited by my friend.
7. We were deceived in our hopes.
8. The boy was shown the way.
9. Many mistakes had been made.
10. We were asked to come as early as possible.
Exercise 4 : Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the verb. Define the function of the verb:
- notional;
- auxiliary to form the grammatical tense;
- auxiliary to form a conditional mood;
- modal.
1. You shall do this work at once.
2. You should tell me the truth.
3. Do I need to read it?
4. Need you have paid so much?
5. I will come whether you like it or not.
6. I would (I'd) better shoot her once instead of shooting her lovers every week.
7. He should have driven more carefully.
8. They shall have this picture.
Exercise 5 : Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the gerund and determine:
- actions that take place simultaneously;
- future action;
- preceding action;
- action irrespective of the time of accomplishment.
1. I’m sure of having read it once.
2. I remember having been shown the letter.
3. I remember seeing you once.
4. She was fond of singing when she was a child.
5. We think of going there in the summer.
6. He came in without knocking.
7. He had intended writing him.
8. I insist on being listened to.
9. Thank you for helping me.
10. He regretted now having written this letter.
Exercise 6. Translate the sentences. Determine which sentence contains:
- the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction, or a complex object;
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- the Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction, or complex subject;
- the For-to-Infinitive Construction.
1. I saw him cross the street.
2. I was supposed to meet him.
3. They made her come.
4. That’s for you to think on.
5. It’s necessary for me to know her new address.
6. I expect him to ask that question.
7. He is said to have returned at last.
8. The doctor told me to stay in bed.
9. He is unlikely to help you.
10. I have closed the window for you not to catch cold.
Рекомендуемая литература
Основная литература:
1. Худяков, А. А. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка : [учеб. пособие для студ. филол. фак-тов и фак-тов иностранных языков вузов] / Худяков Андрей Александрович. - 3-е изд., стер. - М. : Академия , 2012. - 255 с. - (Высшее профессиональное образование). - Библиогр.: с. 219-224. - Терминол. указ.: с. 245-250. - На обл.: Языкознание. - ISBN 978-5-7695-6145-0 : 391-60.
2. Bloch M.Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. - M., 2000. – p.6-26.
3. Блох М.Я. Теоретические основы грамматики – М., Высшая школа 2010.
Дополнительная литература:
1. Бузаров, В. В. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка = Buzarov, V. V. Theoretical grammar of English : workbook of Practice : учеб.-метод. пособие / Бузаров Владимир Васильевич ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, ГОУ ВПО "Ставроп. гос. ун-т". - Ставрополь : Изд-во СГУ, 2011. - 142 с. - Библиогр.: с. 135-140. - Текст на англ. яз.(2011).
2. Iofik L.L., Chakhoyan L.P. Readings in the theory of English Grammar
3. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М., 1981. – с.9-13.
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4. Хлебникова И.Б. Оппозиции в морфологии. – М., 1969.
5. Ilyish B. The structure of Modern English. –L., 1971 – p.27-35, 66-72
Интернет-ресурсы:
1. http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms глоссарий, содержащий более 900 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International). Ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D.H.Day Jr., P.C.Jourdan, J.D.Wingate
2. https://www.thoughtco.com/theoretical-grammar-1692541 информационный обучающий ресурс, посвящённый вопросам теоретической грамматики
3. http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ информационный обучающий ресурс, посвящённый вопросам грамматики
Практическая работа №7
Тема “The Adjective ”
Цель: рассмотреть понятие прилагательного как части речи, рассмотреть классификацию прилагательных, сформировать навыки идентификации прилагательного в предложении, навыки его образования.
Знания и умения, приобретаемые студентами: студенты должны усвоить понятие прилагательного как части речи, классификацию прилагательных, уметь идентифицировать прилагательное в предложении и образовывать его.
Формируемые компетенции: ОПК–3.
Актуальность темы определяется тем, что в ее рамках осваивается понятие прилагательного как части речи, рассматривается классификация прилагательных, формируются навыки идентификации прилагательного в предложении.
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Теоретическая часть
The adjective expresses the categorical semantics of property of a substance. It means that each adjective used in the text presupposes relation to some noun the property of whose referent it denotes, such as its material, colour, dimensions, position, state, and other characteristics both permanent and temporary. Adjectives do not possess a full nominative value.
Adjectives are distinguished by a specific combinability with nouns, which they modify, if not accompanied by adjuncts, usually in pre-position, and occasionally in post-position; by a combinability with link-verbs; by a combinability with modifying adverbs.
In the sentence the adjective performs the functions of an attribute and a predicative.
To the derivational features of adjectives belong a number of suffixes and prefixes of which the most important are: -ful, -less, -ish, -ous, -ive, -ic, un-, in-, pre-. Among the adjectival affixes should also be named the prefix a-, constitutive for the stative subclass.
All the adjectives are traditionally divided into two large subclasses: qualitative and relative. Relative adjectives express such properties of a substance as are determined by the direct relation of the substance to some other substance (wood – a wooden hut). Qualitative adjectives, as different from relative ones, denote various qualities of substances which admit of a quantitative estimation, i.e. of establishing their correlative qualitative measure. The measure of a quality can be estimated as high or low, adequate or inadequate, sufficient or insufficient, optimal or excessive (an awkward situation – a very awkward situation).
In this connection the ability of an adjective to form degrees of comparison is usually taken as a formal sign of its qualitative character, in opposition to a relative adjective which is understood as incapable of forming degrees of comparison by definition (a pretty girl – a prettier girl).
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