Exercise 5. Change the sentences given below using Future Perfect.
Perhaps by 2020, it could be possible to have infrared distribution to each seat in all trains and planes in order to guarantee high bandwidth communication.
We can expect human: machine equivalence by about 2020.
By the year 2020, it’s likely that we will use multiprocessor computer’s systems.
In 2025 quantum computers will appear in our houses.
By around 2030, we may have the technology to directly link our brain to the ultra-smart computers that will be around then, giving us so much extra brainpower that we deserve a new name, Homo Cyberneticus.
Ordinary biological humans would eventually accept the transition and plain old
Homo Sapiens could become voluntarily extinct, perhaps as early as 2200.
Exercise 6. Match the terms in Table A with the statements in Table B.
Table A
Interface problem
Voice and language recognition
Technophobic users
Telecomms applications
Virtual environments
Encryption
Voice processing
Voice synthesis
Visualization technology
Teleworking
Cyberspace
Reverse engineering of the human brain
Intelligent agents
Biotechnology
Table B
Environments that are computer simulated
Exploring the human brain from the inside and finding out how it works
Systems and devices used to create a virtual reality environment
The industrial application of biological science techniques
Programs used for communications over long distances
The problem of communication between us and machines
Changing speech into digital signals
The combination of all data on all the computer networks throughout the world, accessed using the Internet
Computer programs that can be trained to watch, learn and start communicating
Computer programs changing speech into program commands and digital data
Working at home while communicating with your office by computer, telephone and fax
The transformation of data into coded form to make it secure
Users who have a fear or strong dislike of technology and technological devices
The generation of a human-sounding voice using electronic circuits
Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
1. (A, the, -) lit cigarette thrown (out of, from, off) a car (can, may, is to) start a fire in a forest.
2. The police stated that the robbers probably (enter) the bank shortly after midnight.
3. The police investigation showed the robbers were professionals as they (manage) not only to switch off the alarm system, but the security cameras (to, as well, either).
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4. Chocolate not only tastes (delicious/deliriously), it is also rich (in, at, with) iron, magnesium and potassium.
5. Melinda told us she (have) a birthday party at her house the following day. She said that she (wait) for us at 6 p.m.
6. Bill said he couldn't believe what (happen) the day before.
7. Mrs Jacobs told me her daughter (revise) for her exams all day. By the end of this week she (pass) all her exams.
8. The coach threatened that he (drop) Bob from the team if he (miss) training again.
9. A pop concert was held in our city not long ago to raise money for (a, the, —) poor.
10. No one in our class is as (good) at languages as my friend. If he (not, enter) the Linguistic University it will be one of (great) disappointments in his life.
11. (Which, what) would you rather be - a lawyer or a customs officer? - I (not, decide) yet.
12. I (am used to, used to) living in the country. I think it's less expensive and much (comfortable) than to live in big cities.
13. When the satellite (launch) next time, scientists (can, be able to, have to, may) investigate the rings around (a, the, -) Saturn in more detail than ever before.
14. Despite yesterday's snowfalls, we (could, be. able to, must, might) drive home (little) than an hour.
15. Road accidents have become very common nowadays. They usually (cause) by people who drive dangerously.
16. Grandmother said that she felt very dizzy because she (forget) to take her medication that morning.
17. Soho used to be considered one of (dirty) and (dangerous) places in London, but it was cleaned up in the early 1980s. Since then it (become) a meeting place.
18. Down by the river, the old warehouses (transform) into galleries, shops and clubs; the pubs also (restore) to their original Victorian beauty.
19. Where is exactly Soho? - Between Oxford Street and (a, the, -) Charing Cross Road. Today it is one of the most bohemian (area, areas) in London as great changes (take) place here of late.
20. - What would you do if you (see) a tiger walking across Hyde Park?
- I (climb) a tree.
- That's (not, be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you.
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WRITING
Use the internet to find some information about different browsers. Choose 4 the most versatile and extensible browsers and complete the table below with appropriate information:
| Browser | Internet Explorer | Browser 1 | Browser 2 | Browser 3 | Browser 4 |
| Creator | Microsoft | ||||
| Open Source/ Proprietary? | Proprietary | ||||
| Operating System(s) | Windows | ||||
| Anti –Phishing | + | ||||
| Pop - up blocking | + | ||||
| RSS reader | + | ||||
| Cost | |||||
| Latest Version/ Date | |||||
| Voice Control | |||||
| Unique Features | |||||
| Strengths | |||||
| Weaknesses |
Which of the five web browsers you listed above is your favorite, and why?
Create a timeline of release dates for each of the five browsers you selected.
Arrange them in chronological order from oldest original release date, to newest release date.
UNIT 24
JOBS IN COMPUTING
Vocabulary Bank Unit 24
Task 1. Read, write the translation and learn the basic vocabulary terms:
6. ability to work
7. agreed estimates
8. amending (n)
9. analyst
10. breakdown (n)
11. business intelligence
12. capabilities
13. challenging work
14. commercial environment
15. company’s profitability
16. computer services engineering technician
17. conscientious
18. consultancy
19. cost-friendly
20. critical thinking
21. CV (curriculum vitae)
22. day-to-day running
23. developer
24. dot-com bust
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25. driving demand
26. e-discovery support
27. e-solution
28. experience
29. faulty parts
30. highly skilled
31. industrious
32. intelligent software
33. job requirements
34. job training
35. PC assembly
36. plot
37. premise (n)
38. proficient
39. promotional material
40. realm
41. requirements
42. senior programmer
43. solid grasp
44. standard grades in
45. storage-area network
46. tactful
47. team leader
48. technical expertise
49. timescale
50. to compile a program
51. to earn the trust of the team
52. to enrol
53. to follow the expectations
54. to get along with
55. to handle
56. to integrate with
57. to lay things out
58. to migrate
59. to necessitate
60. to plop down
61. to shirk the task
62. to venture
63. willingness to do smth
Text 24 A. JOBS IN COMPUTING
Most ICT-related jobs have developed to meet the need to analyze, design, develop, manage or support computer software, hardware or networks. The primary requirements for being a good programmer are nothing more than a good memory, an attention to detail, a logical mind and the ability to work through a problem in a methodical manner breaking tasks down into smaller, more manageable pieces.
The first key point to realize is that you can’t know everything. However you mustn’t become an expert in too narrow a field. The second key point is that you must be interested in your subject. The third key point is to differentiate between contract work and consultancy. Good contractors move from job to job every few months. A consultant often works on very small timescales – a few days here, a week there, but often for a core collection of companies that keep coming back again and again.
All the people involved in the different stages of development of a computer project, i.e. analysts, programmers, support specialists, etc. are controlled by a project (or IT) manager.
• IT managers manage projects, technology and people. Any large organization will have at least one IT manager responsible for ensuring that everyone who actually needs a PC has one and that it works properly. This means taking responsibility for the maintenance of servers and the installation of new software, and for staffing a help-desk and a support group.
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• Systems Analyst studies methods of working within an organization to decide how tasks can be done efficiently by computers. He or she takes a detailed analysis of the employer’s requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different options for using information technology.
• Software Engineer/Designer produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers, converts the system analyst’s specification to a logical series of steps, translates these into the appropriate computer language and often compiles programs from libraries or sub-programs, combining these to make up a complete systems program. Software Engineer designs, tests and improves programs for computer-aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer networks and games.
• Computer Services Engineering Technician can be responsible for installation, maintenance or repair of computers and associated equipment. Some technicians carry out routine servicing of large mainframe systems, aiming to avoid breakdowns. Others are called in to identify and repair faults as quickly as possible usually by replacing faulty parts. Work can also involve upgrading machines usually on customer’s premises.
• Network Support Person maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected in a network. He or she uses telecommunications, software and electronic skills and knowledge of the networking software to locate and correct faults.
• Computer Salesperson advises potential customers about available hardware and sells equipment to suit individual requirements, discusses computing needs with the client to ensure that a suitable system can be supplied, organizes the sale and delivery and, if necessary, installation and testing.
• Application Programmer writes the programs which enable a computer to carry out particular tasks. He or she may write new programs or adapt existing programs, perhaps altering computer packages to meet the needs of an individual company. Application Programmer also checks programs for faults and does extensive testing.
• Systems Support Persons are analyst programmers who are responsible for maintaining, updating and modifying the software used by a company. Some specialize in software which handles the basic operation of the computers. This involves use of machine codes and specialized low-level computer languages. Most handle applications software. They may sort out problems encountered by users. Solving problems may involve amending an area of code in the software, retrieving files and data lost when a system crashes and a basic knowledge of hardware.
• Hardware Engineer researches, designs and develops computers, or parts of computers and the computerized element of appliances, machines and vehicles. He or she is also involved in their manufacture, installation and testing. Hardware Engineer may specialize in different areas: research and development, design, manufacturing. He or she has to be aware of cost, efficiency, safety and environmental factors as well as engineering aspect.
There are so many reasons to plop down at the computer and play for hours. For some teens, computer time is a fun way to relax. But for students with strong math skills and technology know-how, computers can lead to successful careers.
Changing technology is one reason computer professionals will continue to be in demand in the future. Short supply is another major factor. David Overbye, director of curriculum at DeVry University, says the dot-com bust has stopped many students from enrolling in computer programs. What kinds of computer careers are available? Hot jobs include video game creator, network security administrator, webmaster and animator.
Animator. Movies, television and Web pages all use high-tech animation. In the long term, Overbye says, animation is a growing industry.
Students interested in a career in animation should be creative and have an eye for design. “It is a more top-level skill,” Overbye says. “These are going to be the more artistic types, the people who are good at laying things out.”
Computer animators also need to have strong computer skills and “know the tools they are using,” Overbye says. Animators can be hired by movie studios, television networks or companies looking for Web designers.
“You’re seeing a general trend toward higher (Internet) speeds to the home, so content going on the Web is becoming more dynamic,” he says.
Video games Creator. The field of video games and simulation is growing quickly. Computer professionals design video games, military flight simulators and job training programs. Many colleges have created bachelor’s degrees in game simulation and programming because of increased need. Simulation tools have become cheaper, so that means more businesses are interested in buying the programs. Taxi cab drivers, for example, could be trained with a simulation program to learn how to drive a route, Overbye says.
Video gaming is also a growing industry in need of professionals to create consoles, handheld systems and computer games.
Overbye says students who are thinking about careers in simulation or game programming should have a strong interest in computers, math and physics. Employers will also expect students to take courses in English, humanities and social sciences to learn communication skills.
Network security administrator. One of the oldest crimes in the world is stealing money, Overbye says. And that crime has gone high-tech as banks and businesses trade money and financial information over networks. Any time you use a credit card at a fast food restaurant, for example, the restaurant network has to send the information to its and your bank. Hackers want to get into the network to steal money, and its security’s job to protect the system.
Start a career in network security with a degree in computer information systems. Overbye says students who are considering this degree should have strong math, science and programming skills. They should also be creative types who tend to ask a lot of questions.
Webmaster. Someone has to design all those good-looking Web pages. Web design is a growing field with beginning designers starting at $35,000 a year, says Sung Kang, an assistant professor of graphic design at Iowa State University in Ames.
Creativity and critical thinking are the most important skills for a Web designer. “All the new technology they can learn, but sometimes creatively thinking is very difficult to teach,” Kang says.
To become a Web designer, earn a degree in computer programming. Or, study graphic design while taking a few programming courses from the computer science department, Kang says.
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