Task 16. Work in pairs and translate the following poem by Gene Ziegler into Ukrainian.
Programmers
10 young programmers began to work online,
One didn’t pay for Internet, and then there were 9.
9 young programmers used copies that they made,
But one was caught by FBI, and then there were 8.
8 young programmers discussed about heaven,
One said, “It’s Windows 95”, and then there were 7.
7 young programmers found bugs they want to fix,
But one was fixed by the bug, and then there were 6.
6 young programmers were testing the hard drive,
One got the string “Format complete”, and then there were 5.
5 young programmers were running the Front Door,
The BBS of one was hacked, and then there were 4.
4 young programmers worked using only C,
One said some good about Pascal, and then there were 3.
3 young programmers didn’t know what to do,
One tried to call the on-line help, and then there were 2.
2 young programmers were testing what they done,
One got a virus in his brain, and then there were 1.
1 young programmer was as mighty as a hero,
But tried to speak with users, and then there were 0.
Boss cried: “Oh, where is the program we must have?!”
And fired one programmer, and then there were 10.
WORD FORMATION
Suffixes
Most Common Suffixes
1. -able, ible = can be done : identifiable, predictable
2. -al, ial = has property of : personal
3. -ant = having an effect : coolant, accelerant
4. –based = forming a major part of : computer-based, oil-based
5. –cy = state or quality : accuracy, literacy, urgency
6. -ed* = past verb : turned
7. –ee = person affected by something : interviewee, trainee, addressee
8. -en = made of : golden
9. -er = comparative : higher
10. -er = one who : doer, actor
11. -est = superlative : best, biggest
12. –free = without : debt-free, pain-free
13. –ful = full of : careful, joyful
14. –hood = state, condition, period : adulthood, motherhood
15. –ic = having property of, connected with : linguistic, photographic, electric
16. –ics = study of : genetics, electronics
17. –ify = give something a quality : clarify, purify, solidify
18. –ing* = present participle : running
19. –ism = belief, behaviour : modernism, heroism
20. – ist = person with specific beliefs or behaviour : anarchist, optimist
21. –(t)ion = act, process : action
22. –(i)ty = state of : infinity, sanity
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23. –(t)ive = adjective : motive, votive
24. –ize, -ise = bring about a state or condition : modernize/modernize, colonize/colonise
25. –less = without : fearless, careless, childless, meaningless
26. –like = resembling : bird-like, child-like, hook-like
27. –ly* = having : quickly, quietly
28. –ment = action, process : enjoyment
29. –ness = quality or state of : kindness, effectiveness, openness
30. –ocracy = type of ruling body : meritocracy, bureaucracy
31. –ocrat = person ruling : technocrat, aristocrat
32. –ology, -ological = study of : archaeology, biology, biological, geology, physiological
33. –ous = having : joyous, religious
34. –proof = protected against, safe from : waterproof, dustproof
35. –s* = more than one : books
36. –ship = state or experience of having a specific position : professorship, leadership
37. –y = having : happy, windy
Use these suffixes correctly, and you look and sound prettysmart.
What Are Suffixes?
Suffixes are last syllables like “ed” and “ly” that have their own meaning.
Suffixes combine with words to create new meanings.
1.Turn + ed = Turned (in the past)
2. Quick + ly = Quickly (how it turned)
Why Learn Suffixes?
Suffixes add meaning to thousands of words.
Learn a few Suffixes, and you open up the meaning of thousands of words.
The four most frequent suffixes are 97% of suffixed words!
Exercise 1. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below.
Interviewer / trainer / employer / interviewee / trainee / employee
1. I was given a pay rise of £1,000 by my ________.
2. A football team normally has a ________ to keep the players fit.
3. A television ________ should always give the ________ a proper chance to express his or her opinions.
4. That company has 200 people working in its factory. My brother works there and I, too, am an ________.
5. At the moment he’s a management ________. If he’s successful, he’ll be given his first responsible position in January.
Exercise 2. Put in each space below a noun made from the adjective in brackets after the sentence.
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1. South Africa has great mineral ….wealth….. (wealthy)
2. ________ is one of the world’s great problems. (poor)
3. Tell the _______. (true)
4. I must drink something. I’m dying of _______. (thirsty)
5. I must eat something. I’m dying of ________. (hungry)
6. He was very bright. He passed the exam with ______. (easy)
7. In his ________ he travelled a lot. Now he is too old. (young)
8. I don’t know how to express my _________ for your help. (grateful)
9. It’s very late. There’s not much _________ of his coming now. (likely)
10. To be a soldier you need to be strong and in good _______. (healthy)
11. There was no doubt about his ________. He was sent to prison for five years. (guilty)
12. He escaped to _______ by climbing over the prison wall. (free)
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