Task 2. Answer the following questions.
1. What does the term “software engineering” imply? 2. What does software consist of? 3. What do systems analysts do? 4. What are the stages of producing a program? 5. Why do systems analysts need to talk to different specialists? What factors do they need to establish? 6. When can they start writing a program? 7. What is used to show the sequence of instructions in a program? 8. What programme instructions are considered in the text? 9. What is a pseudocode? 10. Why are there a large number of computer languages available for use by programmers? 11. Can you compare strengths and weaknesses of different programming languages? 12. What are the ways of converting to new computer systems? 13. What are advantages and disadvantages of direct implementation and pilot implementation?
Task 3. Put these five stages of programming in the correct sequence.
I. a) Design a solution
b) Code the program
c) Document and maintain the program
d) Clarify the problem
e) Test the program
II. To which stage do each of these steps belong.
a) Clarify objectives and users.
b) Debug the program.
c) Write programmer documentation.
d) Do a structured walk through.
e) Select the appropriate programming language.
Task 4. Find the English equivalents for the following word combinations
1. враховувати вимоги; 2 програмування, розробка програмного забезпеченння; 3. постійна перевірка і налаштування; 4. знайти і виправити помилки; 5. загальна структура рішення; 6. відповідати вимогам користувача; 7. здійснимість і вартість; 8. супроводжувати програму; 9. технічні умови на апаратні засоби; 10. встановлювати послідовність інструкцій програми, 11. вихідних даних, результат обчислень.
Task 5. Match the terms with their definitions.
| artificial intelligence, b) a program, c) a markup language, d) systems programs, e) a pseudocode, f) an output, g) a systems analyst, h) a network system |
1. A person who designs or modifies information systems to meet user’s requirements. 2. A set of instructions written in a computer language that control the behaviour of a computer. 3. The processed data or signals that come out of a computer system. 4. A system where a number of computers and peripheral devices are connected together. 5. A method of writing a description of a computer program using a mixture of natural languages and a computer language code. 6. Programs that are used to control the basic functions of a computer system. 7. Developing computer programs that perform tasks that can normally be done using human intelligence. 8. A set of tags that can be inserted into a document to indicate its layout and appearance.
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Task 6. Mark the following as True or False.
1. Pilot implementation means that both systems run at the same time for a period. 2. Phased implementation is when parts of the system are converted separately. 3. Parallel implementation is when the new system is piloted in part of the company before extending it to the whole company. 4. Pascal is extremely difficult to use and is not suitable for learning how to program. 5. Fortran is designed for writing business programs. 6. Java and Perl have a number of specialized uses including adding features to internet connections and webpages.
Task 7. Complete the gaps using the verbs from the box.
| collected, put, generated, will flow, will help, be directed, be implemented, touch, will use, will be used, were uncovered, include |
Based on the data … (1), the systems analyst must … together an implementation plan. This plan should … a logical model of the proposed new system, with a representation how information … , through the new system from input, through processing, to output. The plan should … on every potential use of data throughout the organization. As with the reports … during the previous study stages, the report should be written in terms of the system’s user’s – in this case, in terms, of how users … the new system and how it …, them to carry out their jobs. The solutions report should … to management, to help them understand the need for the new system, the way the new system … , how it will help the entire organization and how it can … as a cost effective solution to the problems that … .
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