Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with the correct subject or object pronoun.
1. Do your brothers play football?
Yes, they play …… all the time. …………. think ………..’s a brilliant game.
2. Does Susan eat chocolate?
Yes, …….. eats….. all the time. ………. Says ………’s her favourite food.
3. Do your parents know Mr. Jones?
Yes, ………… know ………… very well. ………….. lives next door to …… .
4. Does Clare like David?
No, ……….. doesn’t like ………….. very much. …………… says ……..’s too noisy.
5. Do you listen to rock music?
Yes, …….. listen to ….. all the time. ….. think …..’s fantastic.
6. Does Tony enjoy fishing?
Oh, yes. …… enjoys ….. very much. ……. says …….. relaxes him.
Exercise 11. Fill in the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.
1. Have you met your new neighbours yet?
No. I’ve seen ……………. children in the garden, though.
2. You took ……. coat home last night.
I know, I’m sorry. I thought it was ……. because they are both black.
3. What’s wrong with Rosie?
Oh, she’s been having problems with …… back recently.
4. James is doing well at school.
I know. ………… teacher says he’s very advanced for his age.
5. Is this bag …….……… ?
Oh, yes, thank you. I nearly forgot it.
6. Julie and Frank are so lucky. …………….. house is beautiful.
Yes, and it’s so much bigger than …….. . I envy them.
7. I like …………. shirt. It’s like Sandra’s.
Actually, it is ………. . I borrowed it from her yesterday.
8. Why did you lend Tom ……. car?
Because …… is being repaired at the moment.
Exercise 12. Fill in its or it’s.
1. The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like its colour.
2. This town is wonderful. ………. Got lots of shops!
3. I’m staying at home today because ……… cold outside.
4. Let’s go in here. …………………. my favourite restaurant.
5. A bird has built …… nest in our garden.
6. The company I work for has changed …… name.
Exercise 13. Fill in the gaps with of where necessary, and my, your, etc. own.
1. John doesn’t live with his parents any more. He’s got a flat of his own.
2. She doesn’t travel by bus any more because she’s got …………… car.
3. I don’t need to borrow your umbrella. I’ve got one …………………. .
4. Haven’t you got …………………….. pen? You’re always borrowing mine.
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5. My job includes doing research in ……………………………… time.
6. Sam is tired of using his friend’s computer, so he is going to buy one …………………….. .
7. The couple moved into …………… house after they got married.
Exercise 14. Fill in the gaps with the correct reflexive pronoun.
1. The girl has hurt herself.
2. He put the fire out by ………………………… .
3. She is looking at ……… in the mirror.
4. They are serving ………………………. .
5. He cooked the food by ……………….. .
6. They bought this house for ……………………………. .
7. They are enjoying ………………………… .
8. He introduced ………………………………… .
9. Did you buy that bag for your sister?
No, I bought it for …………………………….. .
10. Did Susan paint that picture for Lee?
No, she painted it for …………………………. .
Exercise 15. Fill in the gaps with both, all, neither, either or none.
Dear Beth,
Thank you for your letter. It was good to hear 1) all your news. I get lots of letters, but 2) ……………….. of them cheer me up as much as yours.
Bill and I are 3) ……………… very tired at the moment. He’s very busy because he’s been promoted to manager of his firm. I’ve started a new job, so I don’t have much spare time, 4) ……………… . I love my job and 5) …………. of people I work with are friendly, but the long hours seem to take up 6) ………….. of my energy.
My parents are coming to visit us tomorrow. 7) ……………………of them have seen the new house yet, so I’ll have to show them 8) …………… around. Bill has decorated the 9) …….. of the rooms, so 10) ……. .. of them looks the way they did when we moved in. I hope 11)…….. you and Toby will be able to visit us again soon, then you can see 12) …… the changes.
Write soon. I’m looking forward to 13) ……………. hearing from you or seeing you soon.
With love,
Jane
Exercise 16. Rewrite the sentences using both….and, neither …. nor or either …. or.
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1. John hasn’t got any money. Paul hasn’t got any, either.
Neither John nor Paul has got any money.
2. Marion likes swimming. Linda likes swimming, too.
…………………………………………………………………
3. Carol doesn’t go to the gym. Anne doesn’t, either.
……………………………………………………………
4. Fiona has got curly hair. Angela has got curly hair, too.
………………………………………………………………..
5. John will go to the shop, or else I will.
………………………………………………………………..
6. Claire is going to pick the children up, or else Simon is going to.
……………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 17. Fill in the gaps with the correct pronoun.
1. This food is wonderful.
Yes, but don’t eat so fast. You’ll make yourself ill.
2. What shall we do tonight?
Well, Caroline has invited ………………. to her house. Shall ………………….. go?
3. Is that Mary and Alex’s car?
No, …………………………… is blue.
4. Is that bird alright?
No. I think …………………… wing is broken.
5. Is that you sister new leather jacket?
Yes. And those black leather trousers are …………………, too.
6. Should I leave my job?
Well, the decision is ……………., but I wouldn’t advise it.
7. Has Adam gone out?
Yes. I told ……………. not to come home late.
8. Is this David’s jacket?
No, it’s …………….. . I bought it yesterday.
Exercise 18. Translate the sentences .
1. Ми записали номери телефонів один одного.
2. Ти поранився? –- Так, я порізався.
3. Нам потрібна ціла хлібина, щоб зробити сендвічі для всіх.
4. Кожного з нас оглянув лікар.
5. Мені не подобається жодна з цих картин.
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6. Ніхто з моїх друзів не дзвонить мені більше.
7. Хто з вас говорить німецькою? –- Марія.
8. Який твій? –- Той.
9. Я сам навчився грати на гітарі, у мене ніколи не було занять.
10. Усі написали тест, чи ні?
WRITING
1. Multimedia programs bring a variety of media resources under the control of the computer. Describe the different types of media that are now being used in multimedia programs.
2. What is digital audio? How is it used?
3. Many experts believe that multimedia will play an important role in future. Describe how multimedia may be used in different spheres of human life.
UNIT 9
DATA PROCESSING
Vocabulary Bank Unit 9
Task 1. Read, write the translation and learn the basic vocabulary terms:
1. accuracy
2. additional
3. ancient
4. available
5. capability
6. challenge
7. communications networks
8. comprehensive groupings
9. correctly
10. cost-effective
11. data processing
12. data storage hierarchy
13. definition
14. equipment
15. error-prone
16. facilities
17. in order to
18. initial processing
19. instant response
20. invalid data
21. item
22. manner
23. manual
24. marvel
25. meaningful
26. objective
27. record
28. related
29. resource
30. sequence
31. successively
32. to accomplish
33. to consume
34. to convert
35. to eliminate
36. to house
37. to remain vulnerable
38. to respond
39. to retrieve
40. unorganized
41. value
42. visual display
Text A. DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
The necessary data are processed by a computer to become useful information. In fact this is the definition of data processing. Data are a collection of facts — unorganized but able to be-organized into useful information. Processing is a series of actions or operations that convert inputs into outputs. When we speak of data processing, the input is data, and the output is useful information. So, we can define data processing as a series of actions or operations that convert data into useful information.
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We use the term data processing system to include the resources that are used to accomplish the processing of data. There are four types of resources: people, materials, facilities, and equipment. People provide input to computers, operate them, and use their output. Materials, such as boxes of paper and printer ribbons, are consumed in great quantity. Facilities are required to house the computer equipment, people and materials.
The need for converting facts into useful information is not a phenomenon of modern life. Throughout history, and even prehistory, people have found it necessary to sort data into forms that were easier to understand. For example, the ancient Egyptians recorded the ebb and flow of the Nile River and used this information to predict yearly crop yields. Today computers convert data about land and water into recommendations to farmers on crop planting. Mechanical aids to computation were developed and improved upon in Europe, Asia, and America throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Modern computers are marvels of an electronics technology that continues to produce smaller, cheaper, and more powerful components.
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