Ex.3.Guess the meaning of the words and word combinations in italics and translate the whole sentence.
1.They travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. 2.It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. 3.City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun. 4.People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. 5. It is better to book tickets in advance. 6.On the appointed day you go to airport by car. 7.Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. 8.Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. 9.Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude.10. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. 11.When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. 12.The porter helps you with your luggage. 13.On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. 14.The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions.15. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.
Ex.4. Translate into English.
1.Теперь весь мир открыт. 2. Современная жизнь невозможна без путешествий.3. Они пересаживаются на автобус или берут такси. 4. Им не нравиться проводить отпуск дома. 5. Миллионы людей во всем мире проводят отпуск путешествуя. 6. Городским жителям обычно нравится спокойный отпуск на море или в горах. 7. Вскоре вы сядете в большой авиалайнер, и он отнесет вас к новым землям. 8. Пассажиры могут откинуться в удобных креслах. 9. Сидя в самолете вы можете оглядеться вокруг себя.10. Люди совершают путешествия чтобы увидеть другие страны и континенты, другие города или просто ради перемены обстановки.11. Всегда интересно встречать новых людей, открывать для себя что-то новое.
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Ex.5. Speak on the following sub – topics.
A) Modern life is impossible without travelling.
B) People all over the world spend their holidays travelling.
C) Various means of transport.
Grammar: Modal verbs (can, may and their equivalents).
· Modal verbs are used to show the speaker’s attitude towards the action. We use them with other verbs. Modal verbs are not “complete” verbs. We don’t use “to”-infinitives after modals: You mustn’t phone now. It’s late.
| 1. Modal verb Equivalent | Present | Past | Future |
| can to be able to ... may to be allowed to... | сan am/is/are able to may am/is/are allowed to | Сould was/were able to might was/were allowed to | will be able to - will be allowed to |
In its first meaning “can” expresses:
Mental,phisycal,circumstantial ability
2.Permission можете + инф .
Request
4. Prohibition нельзя + инф.
We use may/ might:
To ask permission/ to give permission (можно )
To talk about possible happenings in the Future (возможно , может быть)
To talk about possible plans (могу ,возможно)
Reproach (мог бы)
We also use can/could to ask or refuse permission. Can I make myself a cup of tea?
Could is more politelythan can: Could I make a phone call, please.
Ex.6.Analyse the meaning of the verb “may”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.I said to Mrs. Micawber :” May I ask what you and Mr. Micawber intend to do, now that Mr. Micawber is out of his difficulties? Have you settled yet?” 2. He said I might come to him any day I liked. 3.I asked if I might bring my wife down next Saturday.4. If he walks from the station, he may arrive in the course of the next half-hour.5. It was some special occasion. I don’t remember what. It may have been my birthday.6. He may not have learned the news, that’s why he looks as if nothing had happened. 7.
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Ex.7. Explain the meaning of "can" (ability, permission, request,
Prohibition, possible action) in the following sentences.
1. She is unwell, she can't leave her room. 2. Can I smoke here, Mrs. Right? 3. The teacher said they could all go home. 4. A policeman arrived and told him he couldn't park there. 5. My son is not in town; but he'll be here before long. - Can I give him any message? 6. We can discuss it now. 7. I could never understand what made her behave as she did. 8. If you are tired you can lie on the sofa for a bit. 9."Life," the old man said, "can only be understood when you are old. Now I see all the mistakes I could have avoided.” 10. We are in charge of this great business. We cannot leave our responsibility to others. 11. He was surprised that she could paint so well. 12. She is not married though she could marry anybody she chose.
Ex.8.Fill in the spaces with "will be able to" or "will not (won't) be able to".
1. When her arm is better, she ... play the piano again. 2. I'm sorry, but I ...come to your birthday party next week. 3. He ... eat everything when the doctor allows him. 4. My sister ...go out to dances until she is seventeen. 5. Why do you sit at the back of the class if you can't hear well? You ... hear better if you sit in the front. 6. I'm too busy to have a holiday this year, but I hope I ... have a long holiday next year. 7. The train leaves at five o'clock tomorrow morning. We ... catch it if we don't get up very early. 8. He was working very hard before he fell ill. He ...work so hard when he comes out of hospital. 9. Perhaps one day we ... travel to the Moon.
Ex.9.Complete the following sentences using "could" or "was/were able to".
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It was a fine day yesterday, so we ....have a picnic, and we enjoyed it very much. 2. He suddenly felt ill, but he.... finish his speech, although at the end he could hardly stand. 3. He spoke very little French when he left school, but he ... understand the language. 4. I got to the station at 9.50 a.m. and ...catch the 9.55 a.m. train. I was very pleased I didn't have to wait for the next train. 5. He has always been good at Math's. But even he ....solve this difficult problem. 6. The town was full of visitors, and we didn't know where we would spend the night, but at last we ... find two vacant rooms in a small hotel. 7. Before his illness, he...work fourteen hours a day if he had to.
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