Exercise 15. Translate into English the following sentences.
Кто написал это письмо, сказать трудно. 2) Трудность заключается в том, что я не знаю его адреса. 3) Неизвестно, что было в письме. 4) Машина, которая стоит напротив нашего дома, принадлежит моему другу. 5) Мой друг, машина которого сейчас стоит против нашего дома, опытный водитель. 6) Еще неизвестно, послал ли он это письмо. 7) Беда в том, что он уехал из города. 8) Он знает, что она приедет. 9) Что мы должны сейчас решить – это куда мы поедем летом. 10) Вопрос в том, оставил ли он свой адрес. 11) Неважно, где они встретились. 12) Кто из них приехал раньше, мне неизвестно. 13) Машина, которую он купил несколько лет назад, еще в очень хорошем состоянии. 14) Что он послал это письмо – очень странно. 15) Вот как мы должны действовать.
UNIT 8
CONJUNCTIONS
Exercise 1. Put the beginnings and ends together.
| Beginnings | Ends |
| Although he was very bad- tempered | After you a have meal. |
| Always brush your teeth | And I’ll hit you. |
| Always wash your hands | Before you have a meal. |
| As Liz told you | But everybody liked him. |
| Because I knew her family | He had lots of friends. |
| Talk to me like that again | I did what I could for her. |
| Don’t do that again | Her mother left for Berlin last Friday. |
| He had a terrible temper | Or I’ll hit you. |
| Liz explained to you | So I tried to help her. |
| I was sorry for her | That her mother went home last week. |
| If you do that again | Unless you stop that. |
| There’ll be trouble | I you’ll be sorry. |
Do you know how to use these conjunctions: so that (purpose or result), while, as long as/provided (contrast), until, as if/though?
Let’s start now, so that we’re sure to have enough time.
The summers here are wet, while the winters are very dry.
You can go out as long as (provided) you tell us where you’re going.
I’ll look after the kidsuntilyou get back.
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I feel as if (as though)I’m getting a cold.
In a formal style whereas can be used in the same way as while.
Sound travels at 330 metres per second, whereas light travels at 300.000 kilometres per second.
Exercise 2. Put in suitable conjunctions.
You can have my bike ........ you bring it back tomorrow.
I’m staying here ......... I get my money back.
It was very dark in the passage ......... I couldn’t see where I was going.
Joe was short and dark ......... his sister was the exact opposite.
You look ......... you’ve seen a ghost.
He won’t get any money .......... He finishes the work properly.
It looks …....... it’s going to rain.
You can cancel the ticket .......... you tell the airline 48 hours in advance.
I’m going to the bank now ............ I’ll have enough money for shopping.
........... I think his novels are good, his poetry isn’t up to much.
Exercise 3. Join the beginnings and ends with so that or as long as.
| Beginnings | Ends |
| He went to Switzerland | he could learn French. |
| I don’t mind you singing | it doesn’t rain. |
| We moved the piano | that’s OK with you. |
| We took some blankets | there would be room for the Christmas tree. |
| We’ll come back this afternoon | We would be warm enough. |
| We’ll play tennis | you do it quietly. |
Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences, beginning While...
It was sunny, but there was a cold wind.
While it was sunny there was a cold wind.
She’s very clever, but she’s got no common sense at all.
I know how you feel, but I think you’re making a mistake.
The job is well paid, but it’s deadly boring.
I’m interested in economics, but I wouldn’t want to work in a bank.
The hotel was nice, but it was a long way from the beach.
Compare because and because of, and (al)though and in spite of.
She lost her job because she was ill.
She lost her job because of her illness.
Although/Though it was raining we went out for a walk.
In spite of the rain we went out for a walk.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with although or in spite of.
........... it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
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........... all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
............ I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things wentwrong.
I love music ............ I can’t play a musical instrument.
............ being very tired, we carried on walking.
The heating was full on, but ............ this house was still cold.
Keith decided to give up his job ......... I advised him not to.
.......... she smokes 40 cigarettes a day, she is quite fit.
We can say in spite of but despite without of.
In spite of poor health, my father was always cheerful.
Despite my qualifications, I didn’t get the job.
We can also use despite the fact that or in spite of the fact that.
He insisted on playing, despite the fact that hehad a bad cold.
They ignored, this order, in spite of the fact thatthey would probably get into trouble.
Exercise 6. The sentences below all have in spite of or despite. Use one of the noun groups given to complete them.
| the unpopularity of his decision the difference in their ages the high cost of living | his recent illness all his precautions the heavy traffic | her fear his injury the rain |
The air was fresh and clean in spite of …………………
He looked very well in spite of …………………............
Despite ........……....... she did her best to smile bravely.
He refused to change his mind despite ...........…….........
Despite ...........….….......... they were very close friends.
I didn’t earn much in Japan in spite of …….....................
In spite of ……....................... his money was still stolen.
He continued the race despite .......………........................
We still had our picnic in spite of ……….........................
The expressions both ... and; neither ... norcan join nouns, verbs or other kinds of expressions.
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