Example: What I need is a drink.
I’ll pay for what I broke.
| Beginnings | Ends |
| I’ll pay for | Happened to poor Harry? |
| I need | I broke. |
| Did you read about | I don’t eat. |
| He just teaches you | I expected. |
| I want to know | I meant. |
| The dog can have | Is a drink. |
| The holiday wasn’t at all | Made me happy. |
| They hadn’t got | She asked for. |
| You misunderstood – that isn’t | Is where’s my car gone? |
| You said | You already know. |
We can joint sentences by putting whose in place of his, her or its.
I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away. – I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
Exercise 9. Make sentences with whose.
A good builder is one whose houses don’t fall dawn.
A good parent is one whose ....……………………..
A good gardener ..........…………………………….
A good doctor ..........................…………….............
A good writer ........................................…………....
A good teacher ....……………..................................
A good cook ............................…………..................
A good businessman .....………...............................
We sometimesleave out who/which/that + is/are/was/were.
Do you know that manstanding new the door? (= ... who is standing...)
Exercise 10. Change the sentences as shown in the examples.
Paper that is made from rice is sometimes used for stationary.
Paper made from rice is sometimes used for stationary.
Luggage that is left unattended will be taken away by police.
The nurse who is looking after my aunt is very kind to her.
Ham which is made in the traditional way costs more but tastes better.
James thought that the man who was with his girlfriend was her brother.
Who’s that good-looking man who is talking to Alison?
Women tourists who are wearing trousers are not allowed in the temple.
Left-handed children who are forced to write with their right hands often develop psychological problems.
The man who was bitten by my neighbour’s dog was her husband’s boss.
When relative pronouns are left out this can make reading difficult.
The woman Barbara was out shopping with that Tuesday afternoon was her stepmother. (=The woman that Barbara was out shopping with ...)
Exercise 11. Make these sentences easier to read by adding who(m)/which/that.
The earrings he gave her for Christmas must have cost at least $500.
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The fax he got that morning was addressed to someone else.
The sofa we bought last year is falling to pieces already.
The people he had hoped to introduce Lee to were not here.
The flat the terrorists hid the guns in was owned by an MP.
The song she could not remember the name of was Rambling Boy.
Exercise 12. Here are the ends of some sentences. Find the beginnings in the box.
… Spain taught me things about myself I had never suspected.
… my wedding was bought in a little shop in Bath.
... my parent’s home was the nicest place I’veever lived in.
... the airport in Memphis was going to Italy to collect a tiger for azoo.
... my little cousin Pam had crazy plans for an expedition to the NorthPole.
| A very ordinary-looking woman I got talking to at A man I met by chance on a business trip to Some Polish people I was introduced to by The dress my sister wore to The little flat that I rented just after I left |
Exercise 13. Put the quotation together.
| “I’ll discuss it with you,” she said in a voice | Borrow your watch and tell you what time it is, the walk off with your watch |
| A politician is a statesman | Can be taught |
| Any man who hates dogs and babies | Can’t be all bad |
| Anyone who has been to an English public school | That could have been used to defrost her refrigerator |
| Consultants are people who | What he never had |
| No man can lose | Will feel comparatively at home in prison |
| Nothing that is worth knowing | Who approaches every question with an open mouth |
Exercise 14. Translate into Russian and point out subject, predicative, object and attribute clauses.
1) Whether she was right is not clear yet. 2) That was where Mrs. Gibson’s body lay. 3) And this is what he remembered. 4) I’d like to know which of the two sisters you like more. 5) Who did it is still unknown. 6) She has an opportunity which is offered to only a few of us. 7) Which of them did it was a secret. 8) What we have to decide now is whether we trust her or not. 9) What awakened him was the engine coughing. 10) She belonged to the world about which he knew nothing at all. 11) He has all qualities which his rival lacks. 12) Whether I was her rival in sport or in studies seemed equally bad in her eyes. 13) What he did Bertha didn’t know. 14) Which side wins does not concern us here. 15) Now the question is whether we shall keep her or not. 16) What we want is rest. 17) I’m not sure what she will say. 18) Why he said so is strange. 19) How they did it is not important now. 20) That she was wrong is quite evident. 21) A dog that barks never bites. 22) What has been done can’t be undone.
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