Task 2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false?
1. An automated production line consists of a series of workstations connected by a transfer system.
2. Each station is designed to perform a special processing operation.
3. A raw work part enters at one end of the line.
4. Modern automated lines are controlled manually.
5. Automated production lines are utilized mostly in automobile industry.
6. Many separate operations are divided among the workstations.
Task 3. Match the following to make phrases.
1. ... consist of a series of workstations connected by a transfer system.
2. Each station is designed ...
3. ... enters at one end of the line.
4. The various operations and other activities taking place.
5. ... are controlled by programmable logic controllers.
6. Machining is a manufacturing process ...
a. ... must all be sequenced and coordinated properly for the line to operate efficiently.
b. An automated production line ...
c. ... to perform a special processing operations.
d. A raw work part ...
e. ... in which metal is removed by cutting
f. Modern automated lines ...
Unit 9
TYPES OF AUTOMATION
Task 1. Read the text and answer the questions after the text:
Application of Automation and Robotics in Industry Manufacturing is one of the most important application area for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.
1. Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs high initial investments and high production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.
2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer programme.
3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.
1. What is the most important application of automation?
2. What are the types of automation used in manufacturing?
3. What is fixed automation?
4. What are the limitations of hard automation?
5. What is the best example of programmable automation?
6. What are the limitations of programmable automation?
7. What are the advantages of flexible automation?
8. Is it possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology?
Task 2. Find equivalents in English in the text:
1. сфера застосування
2. фіксована послідовність операцій
3. автоматичні складальні машини
4. певні хімічні процеси
5. верстат з числовим програмним управлінням
6. втрачений виробничий час
7. різноманітна продукція
Task 3. Explain in English what does the following mean:
1. automation technology
2. fixed automation
3. assembly machines
4. non-productive time
5. programmable automation
6. computer terminal
7. numerical-control machine-tool.
UNIT 10
AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY
Task 1. Read the text and answer the questions after the text:
Assembly operations have traditionally been performed manually either at single assembly workstations or on assembly lines with multiple stations. Owing to the high labour content and high cost of manual labour, greater attention has been given in recent years to the use of automation for assembly work.
Assembly operations can be automated using production line principles if the quantities are large, the product is small and the design is simple (e.g., mechanical pencils, pens, and cigarette lighters). For products that do not satisfy these conditions, manual assembly is generally required.
Automated assembly machines have been developed that operate in a manner similar to machining transfer lines, with the difference being that assembly operations, instead of machining, are performed at the workstations. A typical assembly machine consists of several stations, each equipped with a supply of components and a mechanism for delivering the components into position for assembly.
A workhead at each station performs the actual attachment of the component. Typical work heads include automatic screwdrivers, welding heads and other joining devices. A new component is added to the partially completed product at each workstation, thus building up the product gradually as it proceeds through the line.
Assembly machines of this type are considered to be examples of fixed automation, because they are generally configured for a particular product made in high volume. Programmable assembly machines are represented by the component-insertion machines employed in the electronics industry.
1. How have assembly operations traditionally been performed?
2. Why has greater attention been given to the automation for assembly work?
3. When can assembly operations be automated?
4. How does a typical assembly machine work?
5. What is a programmable assembly machine?
6. Where are assembly machines used?
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