Task 13. Make a short report on the development of automation technology.

MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY

A number of significant developments in various fields have occurred during the 20th century: the digital computer, improvements in data-storage technology and software to write computer programs, advances in sensor technology, and the derivation of a mathematical control theory.

The development of the electronic digital computers called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946 and UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) in 1951 has permitted the control function in automation to become much more sophisticated and the calculations to be executed much faster than before.

The advances in sensor technology have provided a wide range of measuring devices that can be used as components in automatic feedback control systems.

Highly advanced mathematical theory of control systems includes traditional feedback control, optimal control, adaptive control, and artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence is an advanced field of computer science in which the computer is programmed to exhibit characteristics commonly associated with human intelligence. These characteristics include the capacity for learning, understanding languages, reasoning, solving problems and similar mental capabilities. The developments in artificial intelligence are expected to provide robots and other “intelligent” machines with the ability to communicate with humans and to accept very high-level instructions. Present-day industrial robots must be provided with a detailed set of instructions specifying the locations of the product’s components, the order in which they are to be assembled, and so forth.

Task 7. Find expressions in the text which mean the following:

1. важливі розробки, 2. відповідні обчислення, 3. інтегральні схеми, 4. виконувати розрахунки, 5. розумові здібності. 6. запам’ятовуюче середовище, 7. мови програмування, 8. вимірювальні прилади, 9. система управління із зворотним зв’язком. 10. електромеханічні контактні датчики, 11. штучний інтелект, 12. сенсорні системи, 13. обробка інформації.

Task 8. Choose the most appropriate word from the box to make sentences complete:

1. The development of electronic ... computer has permitted the control function in automation to become more sophisticated. 2. Modern programming ... are more powerful in their logic capabilities. 3. Present-day machines are much smaller and less ... than their predecessors. 4. Modern computers are capable of performing ... at much greater speed. 5. The advances in sensor technology have provided a vast range of measuring .... . 6. Artificial ... is an advanced field of computer science.  

Task 9. Translate sentences into English:

1. Наукові розробки XX століття сприяли розвитку автоматизованої техніки. 2. Досягнення в галузі штучного інтелекту дозволили роботу спілкуватися з людиною. 3. Математична теорія систем управління отримала свій розвиток після Другої світової війни.

Task 10. Read and translate sentences paying attention to the Comparison Degrees:

1. The most significant developments in automation technology have occurred during the 20-th century. 2. The development of the electronic digital computer has made the control function in automation more sophisticated. 3. Thanks to the digital computer all calculations are executed much faster than before. 4. Artificial intelligence is the most advanced field of computer science. 5. The microprocessor is capable of performing the logic and arithmetic functions at much greater speeds. 6. Modern programming languages are easier to use and are much more powerful in their logic capabilities. 7. Human intelligence is a much less studied field than artificial intelligence.

Task 11. Sum up the information from the text completing the following sentences:

1. The most significant developments of the XX^th century are: ... . 2. An industrial robot provided with artificial intelligence is capable of ... . 3. Modern storage media includes: ... . 4. The advances in sensor technology have provided a vast range of measuring devices which include: ... . 5. The mathematical theory of control systems evolved after World War II includes: ... . 6. The characteristics of artificial intelligence are: ... .  

Task 12. Answer the questions:

1. What is the role of the electronic digital computer in automation? 2. What functions does the microprocessor perform? 3. What have the advances in sensor technology provided? 4. What is the most advanced field of computer science? 5. What ability will the developments in artificial intelligence provide robots with? Give an example of this ability.

Task 13. Give short characteristics of:

1. XX^th century progress in automation technology;

2. development of the electronic digital computer;

3. improvements in program storage technology;

4. advances in sensor technology;

5. developments in artificial intelligence.

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