Look up the English equivalents for the following Russian words
And word combinations.
Сокращенный текст, посещать занятия, прогуливать занятия, мертвый язык, официальный язык, эссе, идиоматическое выражение, значение слова, перефразировать, определение, понимание текста, неправильное написание слова, зубрить, говорить громче, сказать слово по буквам, шариковая ручка, маркер, дать транскрипцию, болтать, дубликат/ копия, перевести с русского языка на английский, заикаться, липкая лента, оговорка, неправдоподобная история, говорить на ветер, вбивать в чью-то голову, иметь хорошо подвешенный язык, в двух словах, лицемерная болтовня, говорить на ломаном немецком языке, объяснять/ излагать что-то, расставлять знаки препинания, аудирование, учебный толковый словарь, заглавные буквы, наводящий вопрос, прописные буквы, накапливать словарный запас, выучить наизусть, лингафонный кабинет, называть вещи своими именами, для меня это - китайская грамота.
Exercise 2.
Study the following examples illustrating the proper use of idioms and expressions. Render the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the translation of the italicized phrases.
1. She rehearsed her speech until she was word-perfect.
2. It is difficult to follow the script of "Transporting" for the characters speak thick, Scottish accent.
3. It is all Greek to me.
4. She was wearing a sweat shirt emblazoned with the name of her alma mater.
5. The group burned its midnight oil this week preparing for the finals.
6. John said he'd be coming - and talk of the devil, here he is now.
7. I meant to say Friday, not Monday. It was a slip of the tongue.
8. John's been the talk of the department since his affair with James.
9. Jim was full of tall stories about his Safari in East Africa.
10. What is your native language?
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11. I am paraphrasing, but this is honestly what he said.
12. She recited a passage from "As You Like It."
13.They were frightened at his dreadful habit of calling a spade a spade.
14.Is rote learning still used to master grammar?
15.What is the official language of the Netherlands?
16.Typewriters, and lately, the word processors have become extended forms of writing implements.
17.Although there are no lessons this week, the students are all cramming for the next week's test.
18.Her shot-gun marriage is the talk of the street.
19.If you read between the lines, this letter is really a request for money.
20.Don't try to reason with them - you are wasting your breath.
Exercise 3.
Match the Russian idioms and expressions on the left with their English equivalents on the right.
| 1 | Говорить на ветер | а | Better ask than go astray. |
| 2 | Хорошо выраженная мысль звучит умно на всех языках. | b | To burn the midnight oil |
| 3 | Язык проглотил? | с | Without rhyme or reason. |
| 4 | Повторение - мать учения. | d | A tall talk |
| 5 | Учиться никогда не поздно. | е | Dot your i's and cross your t's. |
| 6 | У меня это вертелось на языке. | f | To talk rubbish |
| 7 | Сидеть за книгами до поздней ночи | 8 | To call a spade a spade |
| 8 | Язык до Киева доведет. | h | To waste one's breath |
| 9 | Притча во языцех | i | A thing well said will be wit in al languages. |
| 10 | Век живи, век учись. | J | You are never too old to learn. |
| 11 | Поставить точки над "и" | k | Cat got your tongue? |
| 12 | Ни складу, ни ладу. | 1 | Practice makes perfect |
| 13 | Хвастовство | m | The talk of the town |
| 14 | Называть вещи своими именами. | n | I had it on the tip of my tongue. |
| 15 | Молоть чепуху | 0 | Live and learn. |
Exercise 4.
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Read the dictionary definitions of some words and phrases from the Topical Vocabulary. Deduce the meaning from these definitions and put them down in your notebook.
1. a system of communication by written or spoken words, which is used by the people of a particular country or area
2. a sentence or expression which is very difficult to say properly, especially when you try saying it quickly a number of times. 'She sells seashells on the seashore' is an example of the expression
3. a group of words with a meaning of its own that is different from the meanings of each separate word put together: tall tale is an example of this type of expressions
4. the study of the origin, history, and changing meanings of words
5. to work or study till late at night
6. very informal language that includes new and sometimes rude words, especially words used only by particular groups of people such as criminals, schoolchildren, or people who take drugs
7. an exercise in language teaching to find out how well you understand a piece of spoken language
8. to represent speech sounds with special phonetic symbols (letters)
9. something that you say when you meant to say something else
10. to start from the beginning or with nothing
11. a school, college, or university which one has attended or from which one has graduated
12. correct English usage and diction
13. the English language as spoken in the U.S
14. something that prevents action, advance, or development; an obstacle
15. to form a word by writing or saying the letters separately in the right order
16. a story which is difficult to believe
17. to express in a shorter or clearer way what someone has written or said
18. the marks used in dividing a piece of writing into sentences, clauses, phrases
19. a room in which people can learn foreign languages by means of special teaching machines, esp. tape-recorders
20. to enlarge one's vocabulary
READING AND SPEAKING SECTION
Task 1.
Read an excerpt from The Origin and History of the English Language and answer the following questions:
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· What language family does English belong to? What group?
· How many people speak English as their native language? As a second language? As aforeign language?
· In what spheres of life is it used?
· How many countries use English as the official or co-official language?
· In what country is it the only official language? One of the two official languages? One of the three or more official languages?
· What countries have majority English speaking populations?
· What makes the author think that English is becoming the world's unofficial international language?
English is a West-Germanic Language of the Indo-European Family. It is the secondmost spoken language in the world.
It is estimated that there are 300 million native speakers and 300
million who use English as a second language and a further 100 million use it as a foreign language. It is the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. It is listed as the official or co-official language of over 45 countries and is spoken extensively in other countries where it has no official status. This domination is unique in history. Speakers of languages like French, Spanish and Arabic may disagree, but English is on its way to becoming the world's unofficial international language. Mandarin (Chinese) is spoken by more people, but English is now the most widespread of the world's languages.
Half of all business deals are conducted in English. Two thirds of all scientific papers are written in English. Over 70% of all mail is written and addressed in English. Most international tourism, aviation and diplomacy is conducted in English.
ENGLISH TODAY
Today English is the language of aviation, international sport and pop music. 75% of the world's mail is in English, 60% of the world's radio stations broadcast in English and more than half of the world's periodicals are printed in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many varieties of English, but Scottish, Texan, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would recognize that they are all speaking the same basic language.
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