Ex. 7. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in italics.
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
АКАДЕМІЯ МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Кафедра іноземних мов
Навчально методичний посібник
З дисципліни
Англійська мова
Для студентів спеціальності „Менеджмент”
Денної форми навчання
Курс 4 семестр
КИЇВ - 2008
Module I
Topics: Management
Organizing a Business
Grammar: Gerund
Unit I
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
Ex. 1. Read the paragraph and answer the question below.
One reason people go to college is that college prepares them to become managers. Students have told us, “I don’t know what I want to do, really, I guess I would like to be in management”. Management is attractive to students because it represents authority, money, prestige, and so on. But few students are able to describe just to describe what it is that managers do.
Could you describe “what it is that managers do”? Start your answer like that: I guess…, It seems to me that…, In my opinion…
Ex. 2. Key words. Read, write down and learn.
Leadership - керівництво
Authority - влада, сфера повноважень
Top management - вищій рівень управління
Middle management - середній рівень управління
Supervisory (first-line)
management - нижчій рівень управління, контролер
Directing - спрямування
Staffing - підбір кадрів
Objective - мета
Hierarchy - ієрархія
Personnel - відділ кадрів, особистий склад
Downsizing - скорочення
Corporate ethics - етика колективу
Ex. 3. Definitions of the key terms. Read and translate.
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Goals – broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
Objectives – specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organizational goals.
Staffing – getting the right people on the organizational team.
Ex. 4. Read and translate.
Text A
THE DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Management could be called the art of getting things done through people and other resources. Managers give direction to their organizations, provide leadership, and decide how to use organizational resources to accomplish goals. Both definitions give you some feel for what managers do. The definition of management we will be using in this text is the following: Management is the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, directing, and controlling people and other organizational resources. This definition spells out the four key functions of management: (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) directing, (4) and controlling.
· Planning includes anticipating future trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
· Organizing includes designing the organization structure, attracting people to the organization (staffing), and creating conditions and system that ensure that everyone and everything works together to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization.
· Directing is guiding and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization.
· Controlling is checking to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, and taking corrective action if it is not.
Some modern managers perform all of these tasks with the full co-operation of workers. Empowering employees means allowing them to participate more fully in decision making.
You have some familiarity with managers tasks already. You have planned to go to college to learn something about business. You have organized your time and material to do that. Periodically, you have evaluated and controlled your progress to decide whether or not you are meeting your objectives. You may also have experienced directing while working on group projects for some of your classes. You know how important it is for a manager to set goals, to inspire others, and to establish strong values that will enable the organization to succeed.
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You might also know that management is much more complex than doing a few tasks. A good manager must know about the industry the firm is in and all technological, political, competitive, and social factors affecting that industry. He or she must also understand the kind of people who work in the industry and who motivates them. Finally, a manager must be skilled in performing various managerial tasks, especially technical tasks, human relation tasks, and conceptual tasks.
Ex. 5. Answer the questions.Try to use the speech patterns as often as possible: In my opinion, It seems to me, As far as I remember/know, As a matter of fact, It’s common knowledge, etc.
1) Why is management attractive to students?
2) What kind of art is management?
3) What are the key functions of management? What do they mean?
4) What should a manager do to empower employees?
5) What other knowledge does a manager need?
6) What is an objective? Give examples of objectives that sales, production and personnel managers might set.
Ex. 6. Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the box below.
| Managing director Director Senior executive Middle manager | Junior executive Supervisor Superior subordinate | Colleague Staff Employee Work-force |
1. The group of executives working below the top managers are generally called ...………… .
2. Valerie is an important person in our company. She is a member of the Board of .……….. .
3. Peter, a recent university graduate, has been with the firm for a year. He is at present a ………….. and is being trained for a managerial position.
4. Their ………… is expanding rapidly. They now have over 5,000 employees.
5. At least 50 % of our ………… have been with the company over ten years.
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6. ..................... in an organisation generally have more fringe benefits than lower-level managers.
7. We are a small group in the Research and Development Department. Fortunately, I get on well with all my………………….. .
8. Our telephone operators work under the direction of a ………………. .
9. I work under Mr. Brown. He's my ..................... .
10. Sheila and Tom work under my authority. I am their boss and they are my ..................... .
11. I am responsible for ..................... training and development.
12. A ..................... is a person of high rank in an organisation, usually next in importance to the Chairman.
Ex. 7. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in italics.
1 produce
a Our …production… of washing-machines increased by 5% last
year.
b We have recently put on the market two new ..................... .
c ..................... per worker will increase with the introduction of the new machines.
d Word processors have helped to make office workers more
e The company is well known in the agricultural industry. It sells mainly farm ..................... - eggs, butter, milk, etc.
2 compete
a Coca Cola's main ..................... is the Pepsi-Cola company.
b We try to stay ..................... by investing heavily in advertising and promotion.
c Our company's main objective is to keep ahead of the …………….. .
3 plan
a The meeting did not go as ..................... .
b Some projects take years of ..................... .
c Before asking a bank manager for money, it is wise to show him a business ..................... .
4 analyze
a Managers need to have an ..................... mind.
b Our ..................... showed that we needed to put more emphasis on marketing.
c We must look at the problem ..................... .
Ex. 8. Read and translate.
Text B
MANAGEMENT
Our society is made up of all kinds of organizations, such as companies, government departments, unions, hospitals, schools, libraries, and the like. They are essential to our existence, helping to create our standard of living and our quality of life. In all these organizations, there are people carrying out the work of a manager although they do not have that title. The vice-chancellor of a university, the president of a student’s union or a chief librarian are all managers. They have a responsibility to use the resources of their organization effectively and economically to achieve its objectives.
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Are there certain activities common to all managers? Can we define the task of a manager? A French industrialist, Henri Fayol, wrote in 1916 a classic definition of a manager’s role. He said that to manage is “to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control”. This definition is still accepted by many people today, though some writers on management have modified Fayol’s description. Instead of talking about command, they say a manager must motivate or direct and lead other workers.
Henri Fayol’s definition of a manager’s functions is useful. However, in most companies, the activities of a manager depend on the level at which he/she is working. Top managers, such as chairman and directors, will be more involved in long range planning, policy making, and the relations of the company with the outside world. They will be making decisions on the future of the company, the sort of product lines it should develop, how it should face up to the competition, whether it should diversify etc. These strategic decisions are part of the planning function mentioned by Fayol.
On the other hand, middle management and supervisors are generally making the day-to-day decisions which help an organization to run efficiently and smoothly. They must respond to the pressures of the job, which may mean dealing with an unhappy customer, chasing up supplies, meeting an urgent order or sorting out a technical problem. Managers at that level spend a great deal of time communicating, coordinating and making decisions affecting the daily operation of their organization.
An interesting modern view on managers is supplied by an American writer, Mr. Peter Drucker. He has spelled out what managers do. In his opinion, managers perform five basic operations. Firstly, managers set objectives. They decide what these should be and how the organization can achieve them. For this task they need analytical ability. Secondly, managers organize. They must decide how the resources of the company are to be used, how the work is to be classified and divided. Furthermore, they must select people for the jobs to be done. For this, they not only need analytical ability but also understanding of human beings. Their third task is to motivate and communicate effectively. They must be able to get people to work as a team, and to be as productive as possible. To do this, they will be communicating effectively with all levels of the organization – their superiors, colleagues, and subordinates. To succeed in this task, managers need social skills. The fourth activity is measurement. Having set targets and standards, managers have to measure the performance of the organization, and of its staff, in relation of those targets. Measuring requires analytical ability. Finally, Peter Drucker says that managers develop people, including themselves. They help to make people more productive, and to grow as human beings. They make them bigger and richer persons.
In Peter Drucker’s view, successful managers are not necessarily people who are liked or who get on well with others. They are people who command the respect of workers, and who set high standards. Good managers need not be geniuses but must bring character to the job. They are people of integrity, who will look for that quality in others.
Mind Phrasal Verbs:
| carry out deal with depend on sort out face up (to) look for chase up get on spell out |
Ex. 9. Answer the questions.
1. According to the writer, what is the main duty of the head of any organization?
2. Why do some people disagree with Henry Fayol’s definition of the role of management?
3. In what ways are the functions of a company director, for example, different from those of a middle manager?
4. In Peter Drucker’s opinion, which of the following things should a manager be?
Exceptionally intelligent
Keen to improve people’s lives
Interested in other people
Popular
Able to give clear orders
Honest
Admired by others
Able to examine carefully and make judgements
Ex. 10. Find words or phrases in the text B which mean the same as the following:
1. Carefully, not wastefully (paragraph 1)
2. Expand the range of products (paragraph 3)
3. Operate (paragraph 4)
4. Resolving (paragraph 4)
5. Said in a clear, detailed way (paragraph 5)
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