Ex.3. Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false.
1. Every holiday is connected with religion nowadays.
2. Independence Day is widely observed as a national holiday in Ukraine.
3. We celebrate Independence Day of Ukraine on the same date as American people do.
4. People commemorate the 9th of May greeting war veterans and remembering people who died in the war.
5. Nowadays Women’s Day has a political meaning .
6. Constitution is a document which defines the relationships of the legislative, executive and judicial bodies of power.
7. On every holiday the Ukrainians enjoy wandering along the streets, chatting and singing.
Ex.4. Fill in the blanks with the word or word combinations from the text:
1. Almost all countries have adopted a written _____.
2. June the 28th , is the day when the Constitution was __ _ __.
3. Ukraine like other independent countries has a festival commemorating its _____.
4. Speaking about state holidays we__ __ ___ Constitution Day.
5. We _____ our mothers, wives, daughters __ the 8th of March.
6. We send ___ ___ to our ____on the 8th of March.
7. This holiday ____ the freedom of Ukrainian people.
8. On the 9th of May there are ____ meetings all over the country.
9. The new Constitution _____ the fundamental laws of the Ukrainian state.
10. When the clock _____, everybody drinks champagne and says to each other "Happy New Year!"
Ex.5. Answer the questions:
1. What does the word holiday come from?
2. What state holidays do we celebrate in Ukraine?
3. When is the holiday of Ukrainian Independence celebrated?
4. In what way do the Ukrainians honour the memory of people who died during the war?
5. Do you enjoy going out to see the firework display?
6. How is Women’s day celebrated in Ukraine?
7. What does the new Constitution of Ukraine determine?
8. What country has no constitution?
9. How is New Year celebrated?
10. What do we decorate our houses with and why?
11. How do the Ukrainians celebrate holidays at homes?
Ex.6. Say what you have learned about:
1. The Independence Day.
2. The way of celebrating the 9th of May.
3. The celebrating Women’s Day.
4. The Day of Constitution.
5. New Year holiday.
TEXT B
HOLIDAYS, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
In spite of the changes that have taken place since the last century, many of Britain's as well as Ukrainian's traditional customs are strongly alive. Many of them have deep-rooted beliefs and fears of our primitive forebears, others have religious meaning.
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In the Christian churchChristmas is the day on which the birth of Christ is celebrated. Many of the Christmas customs have a non-Christian origin. We decorate our houses at Christmas time andNew Year with evergreens - emblems of undying life - just as our pagan forebears did to ensure the fertility of the crops in the forthcoming year. The custom of bringing and decorating a Christmas or New Year tree was a medieval German tradition, which is followed nowadays in many countries.
On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. Carol singers are wandering along the streets and collect money.
There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas and New Year. Perhaps the most important one is the giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. In Great Britain children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their bed on Christmas Eve hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them presents. The family sits down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding.
In Ukraine Christmas dinner consists of twelve dishes, a traditional Ukrainian Christmas dish – ‘kutya’ is among these.
Easter is a holiday in Christian church, commemorating the Resurrection of Christ. In Ukraine it is customary to dye eggs at Easter. These eggs symbolize new life. They are given as presents together with Easter cakes - ‘paskas’, specially baked pastries.
In Great Britain people celebrate the idea of new birth by giving each other chocolate Easter eggs which are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday. Easter Monday is a holiday and many people travel to the seaside for the day or go and watch one of the many sporting events, such as football or horse-racing.
The American traditions of celebrating religious holidays are generally the same as those in other nations which observe them. But besides them there are some holidays which have American origin. The first is Independence Day. 4th of July which is the American nation’s birthday. It honours the day in 1776 when the Declaration of Independence, which cut the ties with Britain and established the United States of America. On this day each city or town organizes its own ceremony– a parade, speeches by public officials and evenings fireworks displays.
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Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the last Thursday of November to commemorate the first settlers who reached the continent on board “Mayflower” in 1620. After a two-month voyage they landed at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. During their first winter over half of the settlers died of hunger or from epidemics. In the spring, with advice and help from the Indians, with whom they lived in peace, the settlers planted corn. When, finally the fields produced a rich harvest they decided to celebrate it. Today, families gather together for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner. This consists of the food served at the first Thanksgiving: roast turkey, and cranberry sauce, plus sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie.
NOTES:
| deep-rooted beliefs | глибокі вірування |
| primitive forebears | первісні предки |
| undying life | невмируче життя |
| to hold a carol service | правити службу |
| at the bottom of the Christmas tree | під ялинкою |
| Resurrection of Christ | воскресіння Ісуса Христа |
| pagan | язичницький |
| cranberry sauce | журавлиновий соус |
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