Present perfect, Past perfect,
Future perfect
Общая таблица построения различных типов предложений
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect | |
| Глагол To Be | Have been Has been | Had been | Will have been |
| Глаголы действия | Have V3(ed) Has V3(ed) | Had V3(ed) | Will have V3(ed) |
Примечание: в американском варианте английского языка перфектное время почти полностью заменено на простое. Например: I just called. – Я только что позвонил.
Present perfect: Запомните типичные для Present Perfect обстоятельства: already, not yet, just, ever, never.
Сравните: 1) I have bought a book today (this week, this month) не истекший отрезок времени. 2) I bought a book yesterday (last week, last month) истекший отрезок времени
Запомните также следующие предложения
Have you ever been to London? I have never been to London.
I haven't seen you for ages. I haven't met him for a long time.
I haven't been to Moscow since last year.
Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.
2.1. Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:
arrive break go up grow improve lose
1. Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key.
2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She ______
3. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better ______
4. Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard ______
5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it______
6. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90______
2.2. Complete Bs sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet (as sbown).
1. A: Would you like something to eat?
B: No, thanks. I've just had lunch. (just/have)
2. A: Do you know where Julia is?
B: Yes, I ______ her. (just/see)
3. A: What time is David leaving?
B: He ______ (already/leave)
4. A: What's in the newspaper today?
B: I don't know. I ______ (not/read/yet)
5. A: Is Ann coming to the cinema with us?
B: No, she ______ the film. (already/see)
6. A: Are your friends here yet?
B: Yes, they ______ (just/arrive)
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7. A: What does Tim think about your plan?
B: I ______ (not/tell/yet)
2.3. Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says 'Would you like something to eat?'
You say: No, thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch)
2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says 'Can I speak to Joe?'
You say: I'm afraid ________ (go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! ________ (not/finish)
4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?'
You say: No ________ it. (do)
5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her.
You say: ________ ? (find)
6. Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks 'Is Ann still at the bank?'
You say: No, ________ (come back)
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Continuous или Present Perfect.
1. What are you (to talk) about? 2. We have just (to talk) about it. 3. He has just (to say) something about it. 4. She is (to tell) them some interesting story. 5. He has (to tell) us nothing about it, 6. She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs. 7. We have (to have) two lessons today. 8. They are (to have) a meeting. 9. She has not (to speak) yet. 10. They have (to ask) me several questions. 11. He has already (to learn) the rule. 12. I am (to write) an exercise. 13. What is he (to do)?, — He is (to read) a newspaper. 14. Have you (to | read) any stories by Jack London? 15. What are you (to do) here? — I am (to write) a letter to my friends. 16. Who has (to write) this article? 17. What language are you (to study)? 18 We have already (to learn) a lot of English words. 19. What is she (to teach) them? 20. Who has (to teach) you to do it? 21. He has just (to do) something for us. 22. Have you (to find) the book? 23. What are you (to look) for?
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Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.
1. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 2. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 3.1 (to see) Pete today, 4. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 6.1 just (to meet) our teacher. 7. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 8. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 9. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 10. She (to live) there last year. 11. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 12. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 13. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 14.1 (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 15. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it. 16. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 17. The wind (to change) in the morning.
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