Сослагательное наклонение в предложениях с глаголом wish
При употреблении глагола wish (желать, хотеть) в главном предложении придаточное предложение представляется нереальным, оно будет выражаться следующим образом (в скобках дан дословный перевод):
I wish she came here now.(Я желаю, (чтобы) она пришла сюда сейчас.)– Жаль, что она не пришла сейчас.
I wished she had come here at that time.(Я хотел, (чтобы) она пришла сюда тогда.)–(Было) жаль, что она не пришла тогда.
I wish I had bought a car at that time.(Я хотел бы, (чтобы) я купил машину тогда.)– Жаль, что я не купил машину тогда.
Как видно из вышеприведенных примеров, предложения с глаголом wish часто соответствуют русским предложениям, выражающим сожаление, например: Как жаль, что... или Мне жаль, что... и т. д. При этом действие в русском предложении становится отрицательным, если в английском языке оно было утвердительным, и наоборот.
В данной конструкции могут употребляться только прошедшие времена (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous).
I wish I were in London now.– Жаль, что я сейчас не в Лондоне.
I wished I were in London.– Было жаль, что я не в Лондоне.
I wished I had been to London.– Было жаль, что я не был в Лондоне.
I wish I were going to London now.– Жаль, что я не еду сейчас в Лондон.
I wish I were not in London now.– Жаль, что я сейчас в Лондоне.
I wished I were not in London.– Было жаль, что я в Лондоне.
I wished I had not been to London.– Было жаль, что я был в Лондоне.
I wish I were not going to London now.– Жаль, что я еду сейчас в Лондон.
Exercises
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
I.1. If I had this tool, I (give) it to you.
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2. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.
3. I could give you his address if I (know) it.
4. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
5. If he knew you were away, he (not come).
6. I (keep) a gardener if I could afford it.
7. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors.
8. He (not go) there if his family were not invited.
9. The car wouldn't break so often if you (have) it serviced regularly.
II.1. If I (know) her better, I (introduce) you.
2. The journey takes about 3 hours by bus. You (get) there much sooner, if you (go) by train.
3. If I (have) money with me then, I (can lend) you some.
4. He couldn't find job when he came to Germany. If he (like) children, he (work) at school.
5. The teacher told Peter that he (not pass) the exam if he (not work) harder.
2. I. Use might instead of would to give the meaning of perhaps.
1. She's getting fat. If she (not eat) much sweet, she (lose) weight. 2. I didn't watch the film yesterday. If I (have) some free time yesterday, I (watch) it.
3. She feels very tired in the morning. If she (go) to bed earlier, she (not feel) so tired. 4. He's not a strong man. If he (go) to the fitting center, he (be) stronger.
II. Use could instead of would to give the meaning of possible.
1. We (understand) the English teacher better if she (speak) more slowly. 2. I like reading but we don't have books in our country house. If I (have) books there, I (read) a lot in summer. 3. I don't know where he's living now. If I (know) his address, I (write) tohim. 4. Roberta is very pretty but rather short. If she (be) taller, she (be) a model.
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
I. 1. To which town / city would you go if you didn't need a visa?
2. Who would you ask to dance if you had the choice?
3. Could you come to the Institute on Sunday if the teacher asked you?
4. How would you feel if you won a thousand dollars?
5. Could you wake up at 5 a.m. if none called you?
6. Could you cook your own dinner if your mother asked you?
II. 1. If you had been born in 1950, what would you be now?
2. If you had been late for this lesson, would you have apologised to the teacher?
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3. What would you have done if you had been the Rector of the University?
4. Could you have answered these questions correctly if you had been absent at the last lesson?
Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.
Model: If I were you, I (read) the book in the original.
– If I were you, I would read the book in the original.
If I had known how dull the film was, I (not / go) to the cinema.
– If I had known how dull the film was, I would not have gone to the cinema.
1. They (go) to the beach if it were warmer. 2. If the poem were not so long, I (learn) it by heart. 3. Even if it were not so late I don't think I (go) to the cinema. 4. Even though he knew how difficult the situation was, he (not stop) the preparations. 5. Even if I had a dictionary, I don't believe I (be able) to write the test. 6. Even if you had given her your car, she (cannot arrive) in so short a time. 7. Even if I wanted to, I (can do) nothing now. 8. If you really wanted to buy the house, you (can do) it even now.
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