Angel with golden hair “ or “ archangel Gabriel” –встаем у нее и начингаем общую инфо
Фото только без вспышки!!!! Совет - через Канал Грибоедова не входить в Корпус Бенуа. Лучше с площади искусств. (только если настаивают только на современном искусстве) Водитель высаживает прямо у входа с площади искусст-у ворот. В подвале впереди есть metal detector и налево, надо идти все время - налево. Там кассы!!!! в кассах меняем ваучер на билет !!!!! (Ваучер-название фирмы,печать, кол-во посетителей, вписать название музея. Маленькую часть-себе, большую-в кассу. И дадут билет со штрих кодом.) потом metal detector. Потом налево идем до гардероба (Гардероб для Организ группы-это только для детей. Наши туристы самостоятельно сдают свои вещи.) Потом налево. Дальше указатель «прямо-выход», а мы идем направо. Потом по лестнице наверх и билет прикладываем к турникету. Потом еще на один этаж наеврх - на второй этаж . Сначала смотрим 2 этаж , потом вниз и потом в корпус Бенуа. ) по главной лестнице идем - без комментариев!!! Только можно на сек у memorial plug и прокомментировать ее.) Russian museum (примерно 2 часа только в основном корпусе) Вторник-выходной Dear guests, shall we start. Welcome to the Russian museum, the biggest museum of Russian art in our country. Its collection contains about 500.000 exhibits including paintings, sculptures and works of applied and folk art and covers the period from the 12th (ангел золотые волоса) up to the 20 th cen. If you are interested in Russian modern art, welcome to the Erarta museum (that means era of art. That’s a private museum) (Длинная версия-можно сказать в автобусе Let me tell you a few words about the idea of arranging this museum. The idea of arranging the museum of Russian art appeared in the 19th cen. Of course you know about Mr Tretyakov, who lived in Moscow and opened the art gallery there. When the russian tsar Alex 3 learnt about his museum, he decided to arrange the same in spb. At that time there were different auctions and exibitions. It is said that Alex 3 forbade to sell any painting before his visit. It means that he was the 1st customer who could buy a painting. The others had the chance to buy only after him. But the 1st one who started collecting was Mr Tretyakov. But the Russian museum was opened only at the time of Nicolas 1, the son of Alex 3. He did it in the memory of his father who loved everything Russian As for the building of the museum. The palace was commissioned by Alex 1 for his younger brother Grand Duke Michael (the youngest son of Paul 1). The eminent Russian architect of classism Carlo Rossi was entrusted to build it. It`s recognized that his parents were foreigners and he was brought to Russia when he was a little boy. So he is considered to be the Russian architect. Now I`d like to say some words about their owners. So Michael Romanov lived there. He stayed in our history as a military man. It`s also known that he and Nicolas1 were very good friends. According to the memoirs of Nicolas 1 they argued quite often, but at the same time they could not live without each other Michael Romanov married German princess, who came to Russia and became Elena Pavlovna. After Michael’s death his spouse contributed to our history (first of all to art ). Probably, you ve haerd about Russian conservatvoire . Before the conservatvoire was founded , there was an idea to arrange special classes for future musicians. But at that time there was no proper building for them. So it was Elena Pavlovna, who allowed to have classes in that very palace. She was a woman of broad interests, very well-educated and democratic lady. When Alexander 2 succeded to the throne, it was Elena Pavlovna, who persuaded him to abolish serfdom system. So her contribution to our history was really enormous!!!) Nowadays, the exhibition occupies 2 buildings –the former Michael`s Palace (Carlo Rossi 1825) and Benua Block. (Benua 1916) (Короткая версия Now we are in the main complex –the biggest building (about 120 rooms) which is known as Michael`s Palace. It was built for prince Michael the youngest son of Paul 1, hence the name of the palace. And it was commissioned by Carlo Rossi the greatest Russian architect of classism. It`s widely recognized that he was brought to Russia when he was a little boy. So he is considered to be the Russian architect. Поднялись наверх - на верхней площадке лестницы - на секунду встаём и показываем надпись -над бюст Алекс 3 на противоположной стене- memorial plug и даём инфо:
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The main staircase.
1)The palace was created in 1825 .It was the time after the victory of Russia over France in Napoleonic war. And Rossi decorated its main staircase in honour of that victory.
Its interior is a typical example of the Empire style . Here you can see Corinthian columns and bas- reliefs . Its richly ornamented with marshal symbols (swords , arrows and so on ), for it`s dedicated to that victory as well.
2)And I`d like to invite your attention to the fact that practically everywhere you can see double headed eagles. for example, above the doorways you can see them.
3)And above the doorways under the ceiling you can see winged lions. They are griffons.
According to the Greek mythology they kept and guarded treasures. Everything is in the safe place here.
4) on the ceiling you can see a big plaforn in grisaille technique (from the french word “gris’ meaning “gray”) presenting “The triumph of gods”. It was created by the Italian masters who were so good at it- Антонио Вигги, Пьетро и Джованни БатистоСкотти.
5) The Russian museum was founded in 1895 and officially opened on March 7, 1998.
Probably, while walkimg upstairs you have already noticed a big memorial plug on the wall, which tells about it.
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The Russian museum is named after Alex3 because it was his idea to arrange it. The palace was given for that purpose. They redecorated the interiors for the needs of the museum. That`s why unfortunately we re not going to see many nice interiors. But don’t forget to look up at the ceiling. Because all the ceilings are authentic. Only 2 interiors were not changed: the main staircase is the 1st interior and the second one (the white column hall) we re going to see a bit later.
6) Besides you will see a nice collection of sculptures. Because as I have already mentioned apart from paintings the R m is famous for its sculptures. And I`d like to invite your attention to one of them.
This`s the head of Peter1, created by the French sculptor Ma`rie-Anna Collot.
The interesting fact about it is that it is the head of the model after which the famous monument, “ Bronze horseman “ (dedicated to P1 ) was cast by the French sculptor Falconet.
Marie-Anna Collot was his disciple.
Now it's time to talk about the collection. We will see in chronological order. We will start from the 12 th cen
Если встали лицом к окну ( за окном искиевская пл) , то идём налево !!!!
Icons
If we talk about Russian art, you know that Christianity cane to our country in the 10th century. When it happened, Russia received 3 kinds of fine arts from Byzantium : icons, mosaics, frescoes.
We will start with icons .
1. “ Angel with golden hair “ or “ archangel Gabriel” –про иконы и их создание
2. святой Николай - как иконы пишут
3. Умиление - чем отличается икона от картин в Эрмитаже
4. Борис и Глеб - у нее рассказать как реставрируют
Angel with golden hair “ or “ archangel Gabriel” –встаем у нее и начингаем общую инфо
The word “Icon” comes from the Greek world Acon (эй`кон), that means a symbol. An icon is not a painting, it is a symbol of a saint or of our load.
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We ve got a wonderful collection of Russian icons.There are 6000 icons in the R m.
Before the communist revolution there were not so many icons.
1) It is known that in the mid of the 19 th cen (1852) there was a collection of icons, purchased by Nic 1 and kept in the Kremlin in Moscow («Древлехранилище»).
Besides, in the academy of fine arts there was the museum of Christianity . It was founded in 1856.
Moreover, there was a private collection of the director of the museum of the academy of fine arts - Прохоров.
So when the Russian Museum was founded, there were more than 1000 icons.
2)In 1913 the academician Николай Павлович Лихачёв sold his collection (1431 icons) to the museum for a very low price. (300.000 рублей) (1929-арестован, ссылка в Астрахань, 1933-вернулся в Ленинград.)
3)Also there were some donations for monasteries (1914 a lot).
So as you understood there were about 3000 icons before the rev.
Then the communist revolution broke out. During the communist era a lot of icons were taken from monasteries and churches. Quite many of them were sold abroad or just disappeared and quite many of them were saved in the R m.
(It is said that in 1917 there were 3141 icons (на момент революции) и 6000 various religious items. Сейчас 6000 , то есть почти 3000 икон добавились в советский период.)
Process of making icons
You know icons were painted on panels of seasoned wood ( выдержанное дерево). It was either pine or linden.
Panels were always cut with an ax.
An Icon consisted of 2 or even more wooden boards fixed with wooden pins to prevent whopping (расхождение). The both sides of a board were rubbed with garlic for durability. (Доску натирали чесноком для сохранности.)
White (белила) and gold paints were not produced in Russia at that time. So they were brought from abroad.
The surface was covered with priming (grounding- грунтовка). It consisted of some chalk powder and glue. Sometimes it was covered with a very old cloth that was out of use. They put it over the wooden surface and after that put another layer of priming over it. if they didn’t have such a cloth , they just put the priming over the wooden surface.
Speakimg about paints, They used tempera paints - mineral paints were mixed with Yolk of eggs. It's known that Yolk of eggs gave extra durability.
In every monastery there was their own recipe, which was kept in secret.
Stages of painting
After that an icon was painted.Stages of painting were quite different compared to European art.
They started with the least important things and finished with the most important ones-принцип восхождения. As a rule several painters worked over an icon. The less experienced made the background, the more experienced made ornamentation and clothes. And then the master who created the face, hands and feet.
Face hands and feet were considered to be the most important parts of icons.
1 зал – идем против часовой стрелке !!!!
Let me show you the oldest icon (12 век) “ Angel with golden hair “ or “ archangel Gabriel»
It’s the oldest icon in the museum dating from the 12 th cen. It comes from the early school of Kiev (the centre of ancient Russian civilization), which flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries and produced the most refined icons.
1)The technique and style of the painting has an affinity with Byzantine tradition !!!!
The angel has got the Traits of Byzantine face
Straight long nose
Big dark eyes
Small mouth
On the one hand, there are no typical Slavic traits here, on the other hand, all the traits are conventional.
In Othodox Christianity eyes - symbolize soul – that’s why the eyes are so big. And the
mouth- symbolizes sins- that’s why it is quite small.
((You may notice that the proportions are strange, the head is too big in comparison to shoulders.))
2)There is no source of light because it's not a painting we are used to see
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