Bring, get, give, lend, make, offer, pass, send, show, take, tell, write, etc.
Usage
| Active | Passive |
| We can put the indirect object either immediately after the verb, or at the end of the sentence with a preposition ( for/to, etc). A friend gave (WHOM?) my sister(WHAT?) this cookery book. A friend gave (WHAT?) this cookery book(TO WHOM?) to my sister. | The subject of the passive sentence can be either the indirect object or the direct object of the active sentence. My sister was given this cookery book by a friend. This cookery book was given to my sister by a friend. |
Some verbs can be followed by a direct object only.
These verbs include:
Announce, describe, dictate, introduce, buy, explain, mention, report, sell, write, read, recommend, suggest, etc.
Usage
| Active | Passive |
| The indirect object is always placed at the end of the sentence with a preposition (to, for) The teacher explained a new rule to the students. She will introduce her husband to us. | Only the direct object of the active sentence can become the subject of the passive sentence. A new rule was explained to the students. Her husband will be introduced to us. |
See U 44, pp. 88-89
The prepositional passive
The prepositional object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The preposition retains its place after the verb. The most common verbs are the following:
Agree on(to), invite to, laugh at, listen to, look at, send for, speak about(of), talk about(of), think about(of), wait for, etc.
e.g. They are waiting for us at the theatre.
We are being waited for at the theatre.
They always speak of him with great respect.
He is always spoken of with great respect.
See Prepositions in EGU, U121-U 136, pp.242-273
The causative
Form: have/get + object + past participle (to have something done)
| Use | Example |
| To show that someone else does the action for us(a person) on our(the person's) request | I have my groceries delivered by the supermarket once a week. Nancy had the roof repaired yesterday. How often do you have your car serviced? You should have your coat cleaned. We are having a new cooker put in tomorrow. |
| To refer to an unpleasant situation which hasn’t been arranged | Jane had her handbag stolen last week. Gary had his nose broken in a fight. |
Attention!
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· Using the verb get is usually more informal(spoken) than using have.
e.g. Can you get this recipe photocopied for me?
· We can also use get somebody to do something and have somebody do something when we want to mention the person who does something for us.
e.g. Why don’t you get the chef to prepare you a vegetarian meal?
Why don’t you have the chef prepare you a vegetarian meal?
See EGU, U 46, pp. 92-93.
Question Patterns:
Computers are widely used nowadays.
Computers aren’t used occasionally nowadays.
a. Are computers widely used nowadays? – Yes, they are.
b. Are they used occasionally nowadays? – No, they aren’t.
c. Are computers used widely or occasionally nowadays? – They are widely used nowadays.
d. What is widely used nowadays? – Computers are.
e. How widely are computers used nowadays? -They are widely used.
f. When are computers widely used? – Nowadays.
g. Computers are widely used nowadays, aren’t they? – Yes, they are.
h. Computers aren’t widely used nowadays, are they? – Yes, they are.
i. Computers are used occasionally nowadays, aren’t they? – No, they aren’t.
j. Computers aren’t used occasionally nowadays, are they? – No, they aren’t.
The new book is sold everywhere.
It’s not sold only in one book shop.
a. ………………………………………
b. …………………………………….
c. ………………………………………
d. What……………………………………
e. Where………………………………….
f. …………………………………………
g. …………………………………………..
h. ……………………………………………
i. …………………………………………….
He has been told about this by his mother.
He hasn’t been told about this by his friend.
a. Has he been told about this by his mother? – Yes, he has.
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b. Has he been told about this by his friend? – No, he hasn’t.
c. Has he been told about this by his friend or by his mother?--By his mother.
d. Who has been told about this? – He has.
e. What has been done? (What has happened?) – He has been told about this by his mother.
f. What has he been told about? – About this.
g. Who has he been told by? – By his mother.
h. He has been told about this by his mother, hasn’t he? – Yes, he has.
i. He hasn’t been told about this by his mother, has he? – Yes, he has.
j. He has been told about this by his friend, hasn’t he? – No, he hasn’t.
k. He hasn’t been told about this by his friend, has he? – No, he hasn’t.
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