Future simple tense and be going to
Sometimes there’s little difference in meaning between will and be going to. It is often just a matter of formality. Will is generally more formal than be going to
Form:
statement: I/You/We/They/He/She/It will come
negative: I/You/We/They/He/She/It will not come
question: Will I/you/we/they/ he/she/it come?
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Facts about future | The website will come online next week.(more formal) The website is going to come online next week.(more informal) |
| Predictions | In future everyone will have their own flying car.(more formal) In future everyone is going have their own flying car.(more informal) |
| Decisions made at the moment of speaking | I’ve decided! I won’t go abroad this year.(emphasizing the decision) I’ve decided! I am not going abroad this year.(emphasizing the intention) |
Sometimes it is more appropriate to use will rather than be going to
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Offers and suggestions | I’ll help you with your English, if you like. |
| Requests | Will you help me with my English? |
| Agreeing to do something | OK, I’ll talkto him when I see him. |
| Promising to do something | I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise. |
Attention! With offers and suggestions in the question form, we use shall with I we.
e.g. Shall I help you with your homework?
Sometimes it is more appropriate to use be going to rather than will
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Plans and intentions(which you already have at the moment of speaking) | I’m going tobuy a new car. |
| Predictions made on present evidence | It’s going tobe a very interesting journey! |
See EGU, U20-23, pp.40-47
Present continuous tense expressing the future
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Arrangements made before the moment of speaking | Are you playing tennis on Saturday morning? |
Present simple tense expressing the future
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Timetables, arrangements and fixed events (which the speaker cannot change) | The bus to the science museum leaves at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. |
See EGU,U19,pp.38-39
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Future perfect tense
Form: will/will not have+past participle
| Use | Example |
| Actions which will be completed before a certain point in the future | I’ll have prepared dinner by the time you come home. |
Future continuous tense
Form: will/won’t be + ing-form
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Actions in progress at a certain point in future | This time next week, we’ll be lying on the beach. |
| Habits or repeated actions at a certain point in future | In the future we’ll be flying to work. |
Future perfect continuous tense
Form: will/won’t have been+ ing-form
Usage:
| Use | Example |
| Actions in progress up to a certain point in the future | In January I will have been working in this company for three years. |
See EGU, U24,pp.48-49
Expressing future in clauses: the time clause, the conditional clause and the object clause
In time and conditional clauses we do not use will or be going to when we talk about the future (after time or conditional conjunctions). We use a present tense (present simple, present continuous or present perfect) to talk about the future.
In object clauses we do use willor be going to in order to express future. The difficulty arises when students mistake object clauses with conjunctions when, if, (whether) for time or conditional clauses.
e.g. He is not sure( sure of WHAT?) if(whether) he will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow.
He does not know(WHAT?) when he will come from his business trip.
They don’t know(WHAT?) if(whether) they will finish their project on time.
Put a question to a clause to avoid a mistake!
| Time conjunctions | Examples |
| when | It’ll be wonderful(WHEN?) when scientists find/have found a cure for cancer. |
| as soon as | I will phone you(WHEN?) as soon as I arrive/have arrived home |
| before | Please, don’t forget to close the window(WHEN?) before you leave. |
| after | Let’s go for a pizza(WHEN?) after the lecture isover. |
| until/till | I’ll wait(UNTIL WHEN?) until you finish. |
| while | I will be watering their flowers(WHEN?) whiletheyare on holiday. |
| once | We’ll stop for petrol(WHEN?) once we pass/we’ve passed Oxford. |
| Conditional conjunctions | |
| if | If you are working till half past six, we’ll have dinner at about eight. |
| provided | Do what you like provided you don’t make any noise. |
| unless | Six month from now I’ll be at university unless I decide to take a gap year first. |
| in case | You’d better take a sweater with you in case it gets cold tonight. |
See EGU, U25, pp.50-51
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Question Patterns
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