Ex. 8. Answer the following question. Use the variants proposed below
What priorities do you give to the following things on your own list of requirements: friendship, love, decent wages, good living conditions, interest in job, health, peace and security?
1. I give the top priority to ... 2. I think ... is priority number two. 3. The third most significant thing is ... 4. The next most important thing is ... 5. Then follow ... and ... . 6. ... comes next. 7. My list of priorities may be concluded by ... .
Ex. 9. Problem solving.
Suppose you are a Managing Director of a large department store. You are very disappointed these days and there is a reason for it. The Christmas holiday-shopping period is starting but your sales department does not report a big rise in profits. Something must be done about it as soon as possible. Your Sales Manager worked out the 10-point plan to increase the store’s efficiency. Which of these points do you think are more effective then others?
It is necessary: 1) to hold big sales indoors and outdoors;
2) to reduce the number of items they keep in store;
3) to hire part-time salespeople, mainly from students;
4) to put extra effort into holiday windows;
5) to cut non-sales staff
6) to improve in-store displays;
7) to promote a bonus plan, in which credit customers get a 1% discount on
any purchases of at least $ 200;
8) to extend weekend hours;
9) to offer customers lower prices on some items;
10) to increase advertising
TEXT A
TRADE RESTRICTIONS
Read the text giving English equivalents to the Russian words. Put 10 questions to the text.
One way a country can control its economy is by imposing (ограничения по импорту). If an industry is just starting up the government may help it because it makes the country richer and provides (занятость). The government can help an infant industry by subsidizing it or by imposing import restrictions. To subsidize an industry means to give it (субсидии) or (займы). Import controls can protect it from (конкуренция) by stopping or limiting the import of the goods the infant industry produces. The government might also (вводить налог) on imported goods. These taxes are called duties or tariffs.
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Import restrictions may be selective or temporary. If they only apply to certain goods or certain countries, they are selective. If they are used only for a limited time, they are temporary. Traders may require a (лицензия) to import goods. A (лицензия) is a certificate which gives permission to do something. Traders may also be limited to a quota of goods. A quota is a maximum number.
Trade controls are enforced by the Customs and Excise Department. Importers have to (заполнить) a Customs Declaration form which declares the cost of the goods so that the customs men can calculate the tariffs they must pay. To make the job of the customs department easier, the invoice for the goods is sometimes certified as accurate by the consulate of the importing country before the goods leave the exporting country. The invoice is then called a consular invoice. The consular invoice is sometimes also used as a (сертификат происхождения) , although this may be a separate document.
The (сертификат происхождения) is a certificate which shows where the goods come from originally. This is necessary if they travelled through another country. It can be important to show the origin of goods when the importing and exporting countries have special trade agreements because traders may pay less (пошлины) .A government often makes trade agreements with its trading partners - countries with which it trades regularly. Under trade agreement certain goods from certain countries may be (освобождать) from some of the (налоги), or they may be allowed bigger quotas.
TEXT B
Glossary
Make sure you know these words before reading the dialogues.
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1. the head office - the main office; 2. to go behind smb’s back - to do smth without smb’s knowledge; 3. to bear fruit - to be successful, to produce good results; 4. a fait accompli - (from the French) smth that has already happened that can’t be changed; 5. to retaliate - to take (bad) action against smb for smth bad they have done to you. 6. to gamble on smth - to take the risk that smth will go well; 7. to be reliant on - to depend on; 8. to overstep - to go beyond a limit.
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