EX. 7. COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE (A-H) WITH A SUITABLE ENDING (1-8)
a) If you work hard, the company will give you … .
b) In a different job I could get a higher … .
c) The best way to find new staff is to put a/an … .
d) Because he had stolen the money, we decided that … .
e) She has a pleasant personality but hasn’t got the right … .
f) In the meeting we are going to discuss the … .
g) I think it would be a good idea to send in your … .
h) We cannot give you the job without … .
1. … qualifications for a job of this kind.
2. … advertisement in the local newspaper on Friday.
3. … application for the job as soon as possible.
4. … promotion to a more responsible position.
5. … references from your previous employer.
6. … dismissing him was the only possible action we could take.
7. … salary and better conditions of employment.
8. … appointment of a new sales representative.
EX. 8. READ THE TEXTAND FIELD SENTENCESTHAT GIVEINFORMATION ABOUT:
- dangerous conditions of children’s work;
- how long they work and have no chance to get education;
- what rights we see as automatic ones;
- at what age British schoolchildren can have a full-time (part-time) job;
- restrictions in children’s employment;
- resolutions of the First Act;
- resolutions of the Second Factory Act;
- absence of international agreement on the rights of children up to 1989;
- the number of countries that signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
CHILD LABOUR
According to UNICEF, meeting the needs of all the world’s children for adequate nutrition, clean water, basic health care and primary education would cost about £16 billion a year. This is less than the amount adult Europeans spend in a year on drinking wine!
Although things may have come a long way in Britain since the early 19th century, the rights of young people still vary enormously across the world. All over the world, children still work in dangerous conditions in factories, mines and construction sites, on farms and as servants. Some have to work for 11-12 hours per day, and rarely have the chance to go to school. If they had the chance to go to school, they would be able to learn new skills so that they wouldn’t end up with low-paid jobs as adults.
All around the world, children are exploited and denied the basic rights that many of us see as automatic, such as the right to be fed, the right to be clothed, and the right to be educated. However, an international “Bill of Rights” is now changing this.
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Nowadays in the UK, schooling is compulsory for young people aged between five and sixteen. This is longer than in many other countries. At sixteen you can take up full-time employment (if you can find a job). Young people of thirteen in the UK can get a part-time job, but there are lots of restrictions. For instance, you can’t do paid work for more than two hours on a school day or on Sundays.
Reformers in Britain worked hard to improve working conditions in places such as mines, mills and factories more than a century before the UN approved its Convention on the Rights of the Child. The factories of the early Industrial Revolution in Britain exploited cheap labour – mainly that of women and children. In 1802, the First Act limited the hours a child could work each day to twelve. Things improved a lot when the second Factory Act was passed in 1833. Children under nine were not allowed to work at all, and all working children between the ages of nine and thirteen had to be educated for two hours each day. This was the first compulsory education in Britain.
It is estimated that up to 50,000 000 children around the world under the age of fifteen work full-time. Until recently there was no international agreement on how the rights of children should be protected. However, in 1989, after ten years of negotiations, the United Nations passed a Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention has now been signed by 126 countries, which means that they are legally bound to meet the UN requirements.
UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s (Emergency) Fund) – ДетскийфондООН, ЮНИСЕФ
nutrition – питание
servant – прислуга
restriction – ограничение
estimate – оценивать
bound– обязанный
requirement – требование.
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