Composition and structure
I. Learn active vocabulary:
rocky body – твердое тело
gas giant – газовый гигант
surface gravity – поверхностное притяжение
Bulge - выпуклость
Geoid - геоид
Average - средний
Deviation - отклонение
To compare - сравнивать
tolerance – допустимое отклонение
segregation – отделение, выделение
viscous – вязкий, тягучий
discontinuity – прерывность, разрыв
to solidify – твердеть, затвердевать
Semi-fluidic - полужидкий
Boundary - граница
convergent – сходящийся в одной точке
divergent – расходящийся, отклоняющийся
Fault - разлом
Earthquake - землетрясение
Submerged - затопленный
Geomorphology - геоморфология
To undergo - подвергаться
Erosion - эрозия
igneous – вулканического происхождения
Andesine - андезин
sedimentary rock – осадочная горная порода
metamorphic rock – метаморфическая порода
II. Read and translate the text:
Shape
Earth is a terrestrial planet, meaning that it is a rocky body, rather than a gas giant like Jupiter. It is the largest of the four solar terrestrial planets, both in terms of size and mass. Of these four planets, Earth also has the highest density, the highest surface gravity and the strongest magnetic field.
Size comparison of inner planets (left to right):
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
The Earth’s shape is very close to an oblate spheroid—a rounded shape with a bulge around the equator—although the precise shape (the geoid) varies from this by up to 100 meters. The average diameter of the reference spheroid is about 12,742 km. More approximately the distance is 40,000 km/π because the meter was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the equator to the north pole through Paris, France.
The rotation of the Earth creates the equatorial bulge so that the equatorial diameter is 43 km larger than the pole to pole diameter. The largest local deviations in the rocky surface of the Earth are Mount Everest (8,848 m above local sea level) and the Mariana Trench (10,911 m below local sea level). Hence compared to a perfect ellipsoid, the Earth has a tolerance of about one part in about 584, or 0.17%, which is less than the 0.22% tolerance allowed in billiard balls. Because of the bulge, the feature farthest from the center of the Earth is actually Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
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