Alternative Questions
In the alternative questions the first intonation-group is usually pronounced with the Low Rise, the second intonation-group is pronounced with the Low Fall.
| Model: ˡWould you like ̗tea or ̖coffee? |
Exercise 1. Read the following alternative questions. Mark the stresses and tunes:
1. Is your name Peter or Nick?
2. Do you study English or French?
3. Are you a first or a second-year student?
4. Do you take exam in English in the first or in the second term?
5. Do you read the Times or the Moscow News?
6. Is your favourite subject history or pedagogics?
7. Is this text difficult or easy?
8. Is there much or little milk at home?
9. Has she passed her exam in English or in German?
10. Does your University course last four or five years?
Exercise 2. Complete the following questions using the words in brackets. Mark the stresses and tunes:
Model: ˡDo you ˡstudy at the ̗Institute? (University)
ˡDo you ˡstudy at the ̗Instituteǀ or at the ̖University?
- Do you do your homework at home? (at the University).
- Are you a student of day department? (evening department).
- Have you got three lectures today? (three seminars).
- Have you read about the system of education in Great Britain? (New Zeeland).
- Can you speak English? (German).
- Do you have many mistakes in your test? (few mistakes).
- Is there much work to do? (little).
- Do you like to travel by plane? (by car)
- Does he prefer football? (hockey)
- Does it take him an hour to get to the University? (half an hour)
Intonation of Sentences with «There + To Be»
The Low Fall Nuclear tone is used when the adverbial modifier of place follows «there + to be».
The Low Rise Nuclear tone is used when the adverbial modifier of place precedes «there + to be».
| Models: There is a ̖table on the left. On the ̗leftǀ there is a ̖table. |
Exercise 1. Read the sentences, observe the correct pronunciation:
1. There are twelve months in a year.
2. There are four seasons in a year.
3. There are sixty minutes in an hour.
4. Is there a farm beyond the forest?
5. Are there any mistakes in your dictation?
6. On my table there are two exercise-books and a text-book.
7. In a fortnight there are two weeks.
8. In a month there are four weeks.
9. Are there thirty days in November?
10. Is there a blackboard in the room?
11. There are some flowers on the window.
12. Under the window there is a radiator.
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Exercise 2. Read the text. Pay special attention to the intonation of sentences with «There + to Be»:
Let’s have a look at this picture of the classroom. On the left there are two large windows. On the windows there are some nice flowers. Under the window there’s a radiator. There is a blackboard in front of the desks. There is some chalk and a duster at the blackboard. There are ten desks in our classroom. On the desks there are tape-recorders. There is a bookcase with many books on the right. To the left of the bookcase there is a large map.
Logical Stress
The type of sentence-stress which gives special prominence to a new element in a sentence or an intonation group is called logical stress. The word which is singled out by the logical stress is the most important in the sentence. Every word in the sentence may be stressed with a logical stress.
| Models: I’d ˈlike a ˈcup of ˈherbal ˎtea. I’d ˈlike a ˈcup of ˎherbal tea. I’d ˈlike a ˎcup of herbal tea. |
Exercise 1. The underlined words are logically stressed. Intone the sentences and read them:
1. Jackie has two sisters.
2. She works indoors all day.
3. She must do it.
4. My sister in ten.
5. Is Peter’s brother a historian?
6. He knows English perfectly.
7. She studies at the local comprehensive school.
8. Have you met my wife before?
9. Must you go now?
10. Has my book been found?
Exercise 2. Read the sentences according to the situation suggested in brackets:
1. I’m a first-year student (not a second-year student).
2. My sister is a teacher (not your sister).
3. Margaret is almost twenty (not Jackie).
4. She knows French well (not English).
5. We met him yesterday (not on Sunday).
6. Last year she was trained to be a secretary (not last month).
7. She knows him well (not her).
8. Mary has three children (not two).
9. Kate reads English well (not writes).
Exercise 3. Give all possible variants of logical stress in the following sentences:
Model: He can ̖do it. He ̖can do it. ̖He can do it.
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1. She can read this text.
2. He knows English grammar well.
3. They are fond of music.
4. He must do exercise five.
5. She might know him.
6. The students can listen to this text at the laboratory.
7. Your friend is a fourth-year student.
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