Lexical expressive means
- understatement
expression of an idea in an excessively restrained language. This expressive means is often used to express the author’s irony:
He knows a thing or two.
When War II came to make such annoying inconvenience to gentle people like the Eglantines, Verny and Mitzi escaped to England… (S.Lewis)
- climax (gradation)
arrangement of words, clauses or sentences in the order of their importance, the least forcible coming first and the others rising in power until the last:
Her maid was ugly on purpose, malignantly, criminally ugly. (A.Huxley)
It was a mistake… a blunder… lunacy… (W.Deeping)
- anticlimax (bathos)
the reverse of climax; sequence of ideas that abruptly diminish in dignity or importance at the end of a sentence or passage, generally for comic effect:
Schoolboys were absolutely quiet; eating no apples, cutting no names, inflicting no pinches and making no grimaces, for full two minutes afterwards. (Ch.Dickens)
Among the great achievements of Benito Mussolini’s regime were the revival of the strong national consciousness, the expansion of the Italian Empire, and the running of trains on time.
- repetition
● ordinary repetition offers no fixed place for the repeated unit/word:
aa…., … …a, …a…aaa,… etc.
Heroes all. Natural leaders. Morrows always been leaders, always been gentlemen. Oh, take a drink once in a while but always like Morrows. Always know how to make heroic gestures – except me – how to knock their wives up with good Morrow sons – how to make money without looking like they even give a damn.
Oh the Morrows and the Morrows and the Morrows and the Morrows, to the last syllable of recorded time. (T.Howard)
● framing:
a…a, b…b, c…c
He ran away from the battle. He was an ordinary human being that didn’t want to kill or be killed, so he ran away from the battle. (St.Heim)
● anadiplosis (catch repetition):
…a, a…b, b…c, c…
Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led, in the final stages, to the smells and stagnation of B. Inn Alley.
(D.du Maurier)
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