Fainting. Shock. Poisoning
1. Pre-reading activities
1.1 Read and memorize the words:
fainting – втрата свідомості; weak - слабкий;
cause - причина; fatigue - виснаження;
shallow - поверхневий; sweat - піт;
to sprinkle - попирскати; rapid - прискорений;
loss - втрата; poisoning – отруєння;
to loose - послабити; dangerous - небезпечний;
to fall unconscious - втратити свідомість;
feel dizzy - відчувати запаморочення;
to keep him quiet – не турбувати;
2. Reading activities
2.1 Read and translate the texts. Do the exercises.
FAINTING
The cause of fainting may be very different: strong emotion (fright or joy), want of food, fatigue or pain.
In fainting the person loses consciousness. Blood doesn't get to the brain. The face of a person before fainting gets very pale and sweat appears on his forehead. He feels dizzy and weak. The person falls unconscious. His breathing is shallow. His pulse is weak and slow. If you help a person who lost his consciousness:
1. Lay the person flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet a little.
3. Loose his dress.
4. Cover him warmly and open the window.
5. Sprinkle cold water on his face.
6. Give the person to breathe in ammonia water.
Exercises
1. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
the cause of fainting; want of food; gets very pale; sweat appears; feels dizzy; falls unconscious; shallow breathing; weak pulse; slow pulse.
2. Answer the questions to the text:
1. What causes of fainting do you know? 2. Does the blood get to the brain? 3. What colour is the face of a person before fainting? 4. What is his breathing? 5. What is the pulse?
3. Put in the right order:
Cover him warmly and open the window.
Raise his feet a little.
Loose his dress.
Lay the person flat on his back.
Give the person to breathe in ammonia water.
Sprinkle cold water on his face.
SHOCK
Shock is very dangerous. Loss of blood can cause shock. Severe pain or strong emotion can cause shock too. The face of a person in shock is usually pale and the skin is cold. Breathing is rapid and shallow. The pulse is rapid. If you help a person who is in shock:
1. Lay him flat on his back.
2. Raise his feet a little.
3. Cover him with blankets to keep him warm.
4. Give him a warm drink.
5. Keep him quiet.
Exercises
1. Give the English equivalents:
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дуже небезпечний; втрата крові; викликати шок; шкіра холодна; прискорене дихання; покласти на спину; підняти ноги; накрити ковдрою; тепле питво.
2. Fill in:
1. When a person is in shock his face is.... 2. The pulse and breathing of a person in shock are.... 3. If you help a person in shock lay him... on his.... 4. It is important... a person in shock.
(pale, rapid, to keep warm, flat, back)
POISONING
The first aid for poisoning is to empty the stomach. Do it as soon as possible. Give much water to drink - 4-8 glasses. Some poisons cause shock, others - asphyxia. In every case the patient needs prompt medical care.
Exercises
1. Find in the text "Poisoning" the following words and words-combinations:
перша допомога при...; викликають шок; спорожнити
шлунок; у кожному випадку; пацієнти потребують
швидкої медичної допомоги.
2. Find the right answer to the question "What are the aids for poisoning?":
1. Lay the person down. 2. Give the person four or eight glasses of water. 3. Take off the person's dress. 4. Examine the person's mouth.
Stings and Bites
Sting – укус (ужалити)
Bite - укус
Insect - комаха
Midge – мошка
Flea – блоха
Bedbug – клоп
Tick – кліщ
Mosquitoe – комар
Stings and bites from insects are common. They often result in redness and swelling in the injured area. Sometimes a sting can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction.
If you are in pain or the bite is swollen, you can take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Insects that bite include: midges, mosquitoes, fleas, bedbugs and ticks.
When an insect bites, it releases saliva that can cause:
inflammation (redness and swelling), blisters and irritation.
The symptoms of insect bites can vary depending on the type of insect and the sensitivity of the person who is bitten. For example, some people may have a small, itchy lump after they are bitten, which only lasts for a few hours. Others may develop a more serious reaction, such as blistering and a number of itchy, red lumps.
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If you work outdoors or regularly take part in outdoor activities, such as camping or hiking, you are more likely to be bitten by an insect. Exposing large areas of skin, such as your legs and arms, leaves you open to being bitten.
If you have been bitten by a tick, remove it as soon as possible to reduce the risk of getting a tick-borne infection.
2. Answer the questions to the text:
1. What do stings and bites result in? 2. What can a sting cause? 3. What do the symptoms of insect bites depend on? 4. When are you more likely to be bitten by an insect?
Узгодження часів
Пряма мова Непряма мова
She says, "I can speak She says that she can speak English". English.
He asked me, "Where He asked me where I had
were you yesterday? " been the day before.
| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Past Simple | Past Continuous | Past Perfect |
| Past Simple → Past Perfect |
| Future Simple → Future-in-the-Past |
При перетворенні прямої мови на непряму вказівні займенники та деякі обставини часу і місця змінюються так:
Пряма мов а Непряма мова
this that
these those
now then
here there
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next day
He said “I live in this He said that he lived in that
house. ” house.
“I’ll go there tomorrow”, He said that he would go
he said. there the next day.
Питальні речення, відтворені непрямою мовою, називаються непрямими запитаннями (indirect questions). При перетворенні запитань з прямої мови на непряму дієслово to say в словах автора замінюється дієсловом to ask або одним з його синонімів.
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При перетворенні прямої мови на непряму загальне запитання замінюється підрядним реченням, що з'єднується з головним за допомогою сполучників if або whether:
"Do you know the boy?" I asked him if he knew the
I asked him. boy.
"Have you a pencil?" he He asked me if I had a
asked me. pencil.
Exercise 1 Замініть пряму мову непрямою:
1. My friend says, “I work at the hospital”. 2. My friend said, “I work at the factory”. 3. He asked me, “Will you work at our hospital?” 4. My small niece asks, “What is your occupation?” 5. My group-mate said, “Our professor is performing an operation now.” 6. He said, “This patient has been already examined”. 7. My small niece said, “I got an excellent mark.” 8. Our professor said, “You will be a good specialist.”
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